Numerical Modeling and Observations of Tsunami Waves in Alberni Inlet and Barkley Sound, British Columbia

Fine, Isaac V.; Cherniawsky, Josef Y.; Rabinovich, Alexander B.; Stephenson, F.

doi:10.1007/s00024-008-0414-9

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Wave resonance has been observed in Port Alberni, located at the head of a narrow inlet in the west past of Vancouver island, during the 1964 Alaskan earthquake (Fine et al, 2008). The recorded wave heights in the port were 3-4 times larger than in the adjacent areas, often recorded in the third or later waves, and the tsunami oscillations continued for days after the event (Fine et al, 2008). It is likely that local topographic features can contribute to tsunami amplification also in other parts of the region.…”

Section: Predictions With Two Families Of Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic, high-resolution tsunami predictions in North Cascadia by exploiting sequential design for efficient emulation

Salmanidou

Beck

Guillas

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The potential of a full-margin rupture along the Cascadia subduction zone poses a significant threat over a populous region of North America. Traditional probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments produce hazard maps based on simulated prediction of tsunami waves either under limited ranges of scenarios or at low resolution, due to cost. We use the GPU-accelerated tsunami simulator VOLNA-OP2 with a detailed representation of topographic and bathymetric features. We replace the simulator by a Gaussian Process emulator at each output location to overcome the large computational burden. The emulators are statistical approximations of the simulator behaviour. We train the emulators on a set of input-output pairs and use them to generate approximate output values over a six-dimensional scenario parameter space, e.g., uplift/subsidence ratio, maximum uplift, that represent the seabed deformation. We implement an advanced sequential design algorithm for the optimal selection of only sixty simulations. This approach allows for a first emulation-accelerated computation of probabilistic tsunami hazard in the region of the city of Victoria, British Columbia. The low cost of emulation provides for additional flexibility in the shape of the deformation, which we illustrate here, considering two families, buried rupture and splay-faulting, of 2,000 potential scenarios.

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Section: Predictions With Two Families Of Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic, high-resolution tsunami predictions in North Cascadia by exploiting sequential design for efficient emulation

Salmanidou

Beck

Guillas

2021

Preprint

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“…One of the regions on Vancouver Island to receive the most significant tsunami damage was the town of Port Alberni, tied to an inlet on the west side of the island. Several hours after the Great Alaskan Earthquake struck, multiple waves flowed up the Alberni Inlet, cresting at 8 m and striking the Port Alberni region, washing away 55 homes and damaging nearly 400 others (37). Kidd et al (16) sampled the Port Alberni region, which is approximately 40 km from the eastern edge of the island, finding C.…”

Section: The Great Alaskan Earthquake and Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest: Ballast Tanks, Tsunamis, and Black Swans

Engelthaler

Casadevall

2019

mBio

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The appearance of Cryptococcus gattii in the North American Pacific Northwest (PNW) in 1999 was an unexpected and is still an unexplained event. Recent phylogenomic analyses strongly suggest that this pathogenic fungus arrived in the PNW approximately 7 to 9 decades ago. In this paper, we theorize that the ancestors of the PNW C. gattii clones arrived in the area by shipborne transport, possibly in contaminated ballast, and established themselves in coastal waters early in the 20th century. In 1964, a tsunami flooded local coastal regions, transporting C. gattii to land. The occurrence of cryptococcosis in animals and humans 3 decades later suggests that adaptation to local environs took time, possibly requiring an increase in virulence and further dispersal. Tsunamis as a mechanism for the seeding of land with pathogenic waterborne microbes may have important implications for our understanding of how infectious diseases emerge in certain regions. This hypothesis suggests experimental work for its validation or refutation.

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“…coast was at Port Alberni on March 28, 1964 (WIGEN andWHITE, 1964;FINE et al, 2008) and that station was in continuous operation from 1970 to 1997, however, lulled by a long period of little tsunami activity and faced with budget restrictions the station was then shut down. It was only as a result of the review of analogue records (1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997) that the importance of Port Alberni for tsunami research was again appreciated.…”

Section: Observational Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changing the data recording to 6-min sample intervals would reduce the data storage and data transmission costs, however, the Nyquist period in that case would become 12 min. The major topographic admittance peaks at most of the stations were determined to be located at periods less than 12 min (cf., RABINOVICH and STEPHENSON, 2004;FINE et al, 2008). Also some of the recent tsunami events (2001 Queen Charlotte;2004 Vancouver Island;2005 California;2007 Kuril Islands) had major source energy at relatively high frequencies (cf., RABINOVICH and STEPHENSON, 2004;RABINOVICH et al, 2006bRABINOVICH et al, , 2008b.…”

Section: Observational Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of Canada Recorded in 1994–2007

Stephenson

Rabinovich

2009

Pure appl. geophys.

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In the last 15 years there have been 16 tsunami events recorded at tide stations on the Pacific Coast of Canada. Eleven of these events were from distant sources covering almost all regions of the Pacific, as well as the December 26, 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the Indian Ocean. Three tsunamis were generated by local or regional earthquakes and two were meteorological tsunamis. The earliest four events, which occurred in the period 1994-1996, were recorded on analogue recorders; these tsunami records were recently re-examined, digitized and thoroughly analysed. The other 12 tsunami events were recorded using digital high-quality instruments, with 1-min sampling interval, installed on the coast of British Columbia (B.C.) in 1998. All 16 tsunami events were recorded at Tofino on the outer B.C. coast, and some of the tsunamis were recorded at eight or more stations. The tide station at Tofino has been in operation for 100 years and these recent observations add to the dataset of tsunami events compiled previously by S.O. WIGEN (1983) for the period 1906-1980. For each of the tsunami records statistical analysis was carried out to determine essential tsunami characteristics for all events (arrival times, maximum amplitudes, frequencies and wave-train structure). The analysis of the records indicated that significant background noise at Langara, a key northern B.C. Tsunami Warning station located near the northern end of the Queen Charlotte Islands, creates serious problems in detecting tsunami waves. That station has now been moved to a new location with better tsunami response. The number of tsunami events observed in the past 15 years also justified re-establishing a tide gauge at Port Alberni, where large tsunami wave amplitudes were measured in March 1964. The two meteorological events are the first ever recorded on the B.C. coast. Also, there have been landslide generated tsunami events which, although not recorded on any coastal tide gauges, demonstrate, along with the recent investigation of a historical catastrophic event, the significant risk that landslide generated tsunami pose to coastal and inland regions of B.C.

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Numerical Modeling and Observations of Tsunami Waves in Alberni Inlet and Barkley Sound, British Columbia

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Probabilistic, high-resolution tsunami predictions in North Cascadia by exploiting sequential design for efficient emulation

Probabilistic, high-resolution tsunami predictions in North Cascadia by exploiting sequential design for efficient emulation

On the Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest: Ballast Tanks, Tsunamis, and Black Swans

Tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of Canada Recorded in 1994–2007

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