Numerical modelling of high-temperature superconducting dynamos: A review

Ainslie, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.supcon.2022.100033

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In Ref. [44], Ainslie indicates that ‘… practical dynamo designs will require complicated 3D models , which need to incorporate iron or other ferromagnetic materials to improve performance and well as be coupled with thermal models .’ The modelling method in this work meets this requirement effectively. The flexibility and the high efficiency enable this model to be easily coupled with other multi‐physics modules and adapted to different applications, and, therefore, it can significantly benefit the design and optimisation of large‐scale practical HTS dynamos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D electromagnetic modelling for high‐temperature superconducting dynamo flux pumps using T‐A formulation

Hao,

Dong,

et al. 2024

High Voltage

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A high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) dynamo flux pump can inject DC currents into closed‐loop HTS magnets without contact. It enables the realisation of current‐lead‐free or even through‐wall charging systems for high‐field applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets, fusion reactors and accelerators. Researchers have proposed many simulation models to understand the working principle of HTS dynamos, few of which are in 3D because of converging problems. Therefore, the influences of many key 3D parameters in the HTS dynamo are scarcely reported. The authors propose an efficient 3D modelling method of the HTS dynamo based on the T‐A formulation. The rotating magnets are modelled by a ring‐shaped permanent magnet with space‐time‐variant remanent flux density to avoid moving meshes. This, together with the T‐A formulation, makes the 3D model efficient and universal. The accuracy of the model is verified by the experimental instantaneous and time‐integrated dynamic voltages. Using this model, the authors present systematic case studies to thoroughly explore the influences of the key parameters of a dynamo flux pump on the dynamic voltage and losses. The proposed modelling method and results could significantly benefit the design and optimisation of HTS dynamos for high‐field magnets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [44], Ainslie indicates that '…practical dynamo designs will require complicated 3D models, which need to incorporate iron or other ferromagnetic materials to improve performance and well as be coupled with thermal models.' The modelling method in this work meets this requirement effectively.…”

Section: Impact Of Ferromagnetic Slicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D electromagnetic modelling for high‐temperature superconducting dynamo flux pumps using T‐A formulation

Hao,

Dong,

et al. 2024

High Voltage

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“…So far, the majority of numerical studies regarding the HTS flux pumps have concentrated on the open-circuit DC voltage of the HTS dynamo or its behavior with a DC transport current [29]. A few numerical models take into account the load HTS coil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of flux pump-charging of high-temperature superconducting coils using coupled numerical models

Zhou,

Ghabeli,

Ainslie

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Flux pumps provide a promising solution for contactless charging of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils, eliminating the need for bulk current leadsand reducing the heat burden for the cryogenic system. Characterizing the nonlineareffects of an HTS coil charged by a flux pump and understanding the dynamics ofthe charging process is essential for promoting the practical application of flux pumps.Numerical models provide a fast and cost-effective way of achieving this. In this study,we propose a methodology for coupling HTS coil and flux pump models using anelectrical circuit, resulting in reduced computation costs. We validate the effectivenessof our approach against the experimental results of an HTS coil charged by a dynamo-type flux pump. Specifically, we obtain the voltage produced by the HTS dynamo usinga 3D model based on the minimum electromagnetic entropy production (MEMEP)method and apply this voltage to the load HTS coil using a T-A formulation finite-element method (FEM) model coupled via an electrical circuit. The simulated chargingcurrent shows good agreement with experimental observations, validating our modelingstrategy. The results demonstrate that the flux flow state in the HTS coil is theprimary factor limiting the charging performance of the HTS dynamo as the chargingcurrent approaches the coil’s critical current. Furthermore, based on the simulation,we demonstrate that, when using flux pumps, it is advisable to leave a margin betweenthe operating current and the critical current of the coil. Overall, our approach hasthe potential to be applied to HTS coils charged by any device.

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“…Flux pumps represent a compact, contactless, and low-cost alternative to metal current leads and conventional power supplies for injecting and maintaining current in superconducting magnets [1][2][3][4][5]. In recent years, the flux pump's mechanism and charging capacity have been investigated both through numerical simulation [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and through experimental tests [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Recent studies have also quantitatively addressed the potential advantages of the flux pumps in comparison to conventional solutions for the supply of superconducting magnets in practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Performance of Commercial High Temperature Superconducting Tapes for Dynamo Flux Pump Applications

Russo,

Morandi

2023

Energies

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High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) dynamo flux pumps are a promising alternative to metal current leads for energization and the persistent current mode operation of high current DC superconducting magnet systems for applications in rotating machines, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or fusion systems. The viability of the flux pump concept has been widely proven by laboratory experiments and research is now in progress for the design and optimization of flux pump devices for practical applications. It has been widely established that the dependence of the critical current density (Jc) on the temperature (T), the magnetic field magnitude (B), and the orientation (θ), has a substantial impact on the overall DC voltage obtained at the terminals, as well as on the current limit and the loss of the flux pump. Since HTS tapes produced by different manufacturers, they show different dependencies of Jc with the amplitude and the orientation of the magnetic field. They also give rise to different outputs when employed in flux pumps. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of several commercial HTS tapes used for flux pumping purposes through numerical simulation. We also investigate the dependence of the flux pump ‘s performance on the operating temperatures. A 2D finite element numerical model is first developed and validated against experimental data at 77 K. Afterward, the same HTS dynamo apparatus used for validation is exploited for the comparison. The Jc(B,θ,T) and n(B,θ,T) relations, which characterize each different tape in the model, are reconstructed via artificial intelligence techniques based on the open-access database of the Robinson Research Institute. It is shown in the paper that certain tapes are more suitable than others for flux pump applications and that the best overall operating temperature is in the vicinity of 77 K.

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Numerical modelling of high-temperature superconducting dynamos: A review

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

3D electromagnetic modelling for high‐temperature superconducting dynamo flux pumps using T‐A formulation

3D electromagnetic modelling for high‐temperature superconducting dynamo flux pumps using T‐A formulation

Characterization of flux pump-charging of high-temperature superconducting coils using coupled numerical models

Evaluation of the Performance of Commercial High Temperature Superconducting Tapes for Dynamo Flux Pump Applications

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