Numerical Modelling Study of Oil–Gas–Water Three-phase Transient Bubbly Flow in HTHP Wells

Passage of a Single Bubble through a Liquid–Liquid Interface

“…To the best of our knowledge the only correlation for the retention time (sometimes called as passage time) reported so far is the correlation of Dietrich et al 22 This correlation is given by eq 12. (12) Since the correlation given by eq 12 was obtained by using the experimental data based on a specific combination of the heavier and lighter liquids, the effect of the interfacial tension has not been factored in. Additionally, to use the correlation of eq 12, one would need to estimate the rise velocities of the bubble in both the liquids.…”

“…Specifically, gas–liquid–liquid flows are central to several unit operations such as liquid–liquid extraction − and direct contact heat transfer in which gas agitation is used to generate a liquid–liquid dispersion to enhance the interfacial area for mass/heat transfer and film coefficients. There are many reactions in which gas–liquid–liquid flows are important. , Gas–liquid–liquid flows are also prevalent in metallurgical processes , and oil and gas industry …”

“…8,9 Gas−liquid−liquid flows are also prevalent in metallurgical processes 10,11 and oil and gas industry. 12 Due to their immense industrial relevance, fundamental understanding of the phenomena involving gas−liquid−liquid flows is indispensable. This study, focused on studying passage of a bubble through a liquid−liquid interface, is aimed at understanding one of the phenomena relevant to gas−liquid− liquid flows.…”