Numerical optimization of a grating coupler for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons at an Ag-SiO_2 interface

Lu, Jesse; Petre, Csaba; Yablonovitch, Eli; Conway, Josh

doi:10.1364/josab.24.002268

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Using a hierarchal search optimization algorithm, varying the width and position of 14 grooves the authors achieved an excitation efficiency of 50%, which is the highest efficiency reported in the literature for a grating coupler. In the present paper we extend the work of Lu et al [11] to allow free shapes and topologies of the groves and we study not only the case of coupling into the plasmon but also the coupling of light from the plasmon into the dielectric surroundings. By increasing the design freedom using the topology optimization method we manage to improve the coupling efficiency from 50% reported by Lu et al [11] to more than 68% which is obtained for a coupling topology with slanted groves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We use the material and geometry settings from [11]. The computational models for the input and output couplers are presented in Figs.…”

Section: Topology Optimization Of Two-dimensional Surface Plasmon Gramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This yields a total of 680.842 elements in the input coupler case and 696.172 elements in the output coupler case, and the design elements have a side length of 0.5 nm. This rather fine resolution is not strictly required from convergence considerations; however, we have chosen this fine discretization in order to be able to reproduce the grating coupler from [11] using a regular element division. The state field u is given by continuous elements, whereas the design field is modeled using piecewise constant elements in order to obtain sharp material boundaries at interfaces.…”

Section: E Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three decades ago Tamir and Peng [7] performed analytical as well as simple numerical studies on the effect of different groove designs on the coupling efficiency. Other contributions have been presented in [8][9][10], and lately Lu et al [11] performed a systematic optimization of coupling into a surface plasmon. Using a hierarchal search optimization algorithm, varying the width and position of 14 grooves the authors achieved an excitation efficiency of 50%, which is the highest efficiency reported in the literature for a grating coupler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topology optimization of grating couplers for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons

et al. 2010

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We propose a methodology for a systematic design of grating couplers for efficient excitation of surface plasmons at metal-dielectric interfaces. The methodology is based on a two-dimensional topology optimization formulation based on the H-polarized scalar Helmholtz equation and finite-element method simulations. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by optimized designs for input and output grating couplers for an Ag-SiO 2 interface. The results indicate that slanted grove gratings may raise the coupling efficiency above 68% where the highest previously reported value was 50%.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We use the material and geometry settings from [11]. The computational models for the input and output couplers are presented in Figs.…”

Section: Topology Optimization Of Two-dimensional Surface Plasmon Gramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topology optimization of grating couplers for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons

et al. 2010

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“…Indeed, we tested a large number of local and global optimization algorithms implemented in the free optimization package NLopt [48] and found that direct application of the algorithms generally yield suboptimal results. Therefore, we employ a step-wise search strategy [49,50]: starting from vacuum, we add components one by one. At each step, a global optimization is performed to find parameters of the new component, followed by a gradient-based local optimization on the parameters of all components.…”

Section: Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of sharp and viewing-angle-independent structural color

Hsu¹,

Miller²,

Johnson³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Structural coloration produces some of the most brilliant colors in nature and has many applications. Motivated by the recently proposed transparent displays that are based on wavelength-selective scattering, here we consider the new problem of transparent structural color, where objects are transparent under omnidirectional broad-band illumination but scatter strongly with a directional narrow-band light source. Transparent structural color requires two competing properties, narrow bandwidth and broad viewing angle, that have not been demonstrated simultaneously previously. Here, we use numerical optimization to discover geometries where a sharp 7% bandwidth in scattering is achieved, yet the peak wavelength varies less than 1%, and the peak height and peak width vary less than 6% over broad viewing angles (0-90 • ) under a directional illumination. Our model system consists of dipole scatterers arranged into several rings; interference among the scattered waves is optimized to yield the wavelength-selective and angle-insensitive response.

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In‐Plane Detection of Guided Surface Plasmons for High‐Speed Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

Panchenko

Cadusch

Avayu

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Technologies

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semiconductor technology processes [1] (such as the decrease in transistor gate dimensions) that, in turn, should lead to a corresponding increase in the frequency of logic gate switching, the speed of modern CPUs has remained relatively constant. Since the switching speed of discrete transistors can be very high, [2,3] the constraint, therefore, lies outside the logic gates and is primarily determined by metallic interconnects in integrated circuits. [4] The underlying phenomenon is a signal propagation delay-a physical limit of the propagation velocity of the electrical signal in the chip. In microelectronics, it is dominated by the resistor-capacitor (RC) time constant. [5] The bandwidth and the speed of the interconnect are reduced by the time required to charge a parasitic capacitance of the interconnect. This RC constant, therefore, defines the speed limit of the microelectronic circuit regardless of the speed of each individual logic gate. Numerous enhancements have been introduced to conventional CMOS technology such as substitution of Al interconnects with Cu [6,7] and the utilization of low-k dielectrics [8] for interlayer insulation in order to decrease the resistance and capacitance of the interconnects. Even though these changes have markedly improved the characteristics of interconnects, further developments of this technology are extremely challenging and cost-ineffective. Therefore, as the current technology is rapidly reaching its limits, a new approach is required to overcome the existing issues and build high-speed digital devices.Recent research in silicon photonics has demonstrated the potential for using light as a signal carrier, not only for long-distance communications but also for on-chip interconnects. Various optical elements such as waveguides, [9][10][11][12][13] modulators, [14][15][16][17] and filters [17,18] have been successfully integrated into microelectronic circuits. Another promising technology for signal processing, in terms of very large scale integration (VLSI), is the emerging field of plasmonics. It utilizes surface plasmons that are oscillations of the electron gas at the interface between metal and dielectric. The ability of surface plasmons to circumvent the conventional optical diffraction limit [19,20] as well as providing strong field confinement [11,21,22] opens up significant opportunities for using them to guide signals between logic gates in modern integrated circuits where small dimensions are highly desirable. Moreover, the high sensitivity of surface plasmons to the properties of surrounding media compared Constrains on the speed of modern digital integrated circuits are dominated by the metallic interconnects between logic gates. Surface plasmon polaritons have potential to overcome this limitation and greatly increase the operating speed of future digital devices. Nevertheless, an ongoing issue is the compatibility of modern planar microelectronic circuits with current methods for detecting surface plasmons. Here, a new approach to in-plane surface plasm...

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Numerical optimization of a grating coupler for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons at an Ag-SiO_2 interface

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Topology optimization of grating couplers for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons

Topology optimization of grating couplers for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons

Optimization of sharp and viewing-angle-independent structural color

In‐Plane Detection of Guided Surface Plasmons for High‐Speed Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

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