“…Some mostly used destructive stress measurement techniques are a) Sectioning Method 2, 3,9) b) Contour Method 10,11) c) Hole-drilling Method 1,2,3) d) Slitting method 12,13) e) Ring core Method 14,15) etc. Nowadays, several advanced non-destructive techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique 16,17) , Neutron diffraction technique 18,19) , Ultrasonic technique 20,21) , Positron annihilation spectroscopic technique (PAS) 22) , Barkhausen noise method 23,24) etc. are equally adopted in the applied field to measure the welding residual stress.…”