Numerical Simulation of Highly Efficient Lead-free MAGeI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cell for Various ETL and HTL Layers

Abstract

The eco-friendly and highly stable lead-free MAGeI3 perovskite solar cell has proved itself as a potential candidate for conventional lead-based perovskite solar cells with high efficiency. In this paper, numerical simulation has been performed over MAGeI3 solar cell with three different Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Hole Transport Layer (HTL) materials to obtain the best combination of ETL/perovskite/HTL layers using the solar cell simulation tool SCAPS-1D. The best performance has been found for the ITO/ZnO/MAGeI3/NiOx structure with an efficiency of 21.19% (Voc of 1.89 V, Jsc of 16.11 mA/cm 2 , and FF of 69.57%) due to the higher bandgap and better carrier mobility of these two ETL and HTL materials. The thickness optimization indicated that a thickness below 1000 nm is suitable for better performance which also leads to a good indication of making a lightweight solar cell. This study indicates that the use of low-cost and environment-friendly ZnO and NiOx with non-toxic MAGeI3 perovskite has the potential to obtain a highefficiency eco-friendly solar cell.

Thickness optimization of Al_2O_3 tunneling layer in CBTS solar cells using SCAPS software

“…Table 1. Layer properties [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Fig. 2.…”