Numerical simulation of injection of a solvent into a production well under electromagnetic action

Davletbaev, A. Ya.; Kovaleva, L. A.; Nasyrov, N. M.

doi:10.1134/s0015462808040108

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A mathematical model (one-dimensional model) of the three-stage simulation of high-viscosity oil pool is proposed Davletbaev et al (2008). The model takes into account the cross-flow heat and mass transfer effects initiated by the movement of a multicomponent system through a porous medium under the action of an EM field (Nigmatulin et al, 2001).…”

Section: Analysis Of Calculation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such investigations describe, for example, experimental research in EM heating (Sayakhov et al, 1975 andChakma and Jha, 1992;Kasevich et al, 1994;Nigmatulin et al, 2001;Ovalles et al, 2002); modeling the effect of an EM field on oil production (Islam et al, 1991;Sahni et al, 2000;Sayakhov et al, 2002;Carrizales et al, 2008;Davletbaev et al, 2008 and2009); the results of field-testing the methods of recovering heavy oil and bitumen by RF-EM treatment in Russia (Sayakhov et al, 1980;Sayakhov, 1984) and other countries (Spencer, 1984 and1987;Kasevich et at., 1994). Such investigations describe, for example, experimental research in EM heating (Sayakhov et al, 1975 andChakma and Jha, 1992;Kasevich et al, 1994;Nigmatulin et al, 2001;Ovalles et al, 2002); modeling the effect of an EM field on oil production (Islam et al, 1991;Sahni et al, 2000;Sayakhov et al, 2002;Carrizales et al, 2008;Davletbaev et al, 2008 and2009); the results of field-testing the methods of recovering heavy oil and bitumen by RF-EM treatment in Russia (Sayakhov et al, 1980;Sayakhov, 1984) and other countries (Spencer, 1984 and1987;Kasevich et at., 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as some recent publications show (Nigmatulin et al, 2001;Carrizales et al, 2008;Davletbaev et al, 2008 and2009), the interest in EM technologies has not ebbed away, and these methods are considered quite promising. Regretfully enough, the lack of the required equipment and technologies for the production of heavy oil is currently a considerable limitation to applying RF-EM methods industry-wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recoveries of Heavy Oil and Bitumen Techniques With the Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Irradiation

Kovaleva

Davletbaev²,

Minnigalimov³

2010

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Production improvement of heavy-oil/bitumen recovery by using Radio-Frequency (RF) Electromagnetic (EM) fields present great practical interest. Most of the material of the oil industry -oil-saturated reservoir, formation fluid, oil, bitumen and their components (resins, asphaltenes, paraffin, oil-water emulsion, high-viscosity and extra-heavy crude oil) in their electromagnetic properties are non-magnetic dielectric materials with low electrical conductivity. If the electromagnetic field impacts these materials, electro-thermo-and hydrodynamic phenomena take place. The RF-EM fields in the form of waves can penetrate deeply enough -from fractions of a meter to several hundred meters -into oil and gas technological working mediaThe paper deals with the impact of EM fields on the heavy-oil/bitumen sand deposit and electro-, thermo-and hydrodynamic processes control for enhanced oil recovery. The present paper discusses the technique of RF-EM heating of an oil-bearing layer combined with solvent injection, aimed at increasing heavy and extra-heavy oil recovery rate. Such combined technology expands the displacement area and allows a deeper heating of the layer. This method increases the technical and economic efficiency of field development by treating a producing well in three stages. At the first stage, the well operates as in injector to inject a solvent with simultaneous RF-EM exposure. At the second stage, the well is suspended to 'stay' without any treatment. Finally, the well is re-commissioned to produce from the layer.The paper presents a mathematical model for this three-stage iterative process, which describes transfer of mass and heat within the 'well/ reservoir/ rock environment' system. A numerical simulation was also employed to study the effect of heavy oil production and the relative energy balance. The model estimates the optimum solvent volume and stage duration; the paper also gives a comparative analysis of calculation results for two cases: the one using the suggested combined technique, the other using constant heating without solvent injection.

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Section: Analysis Of Calculation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recoveries of Heavy Oil and Bitumen Techniques With the Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Irradiation

Kovaleva

Davletbaev²,

Minnigalimov³

2010

All Days

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“…Several studies have investigated both heat transfer in heavy-oil reservoirs stimulated with RF-EM or MW-EM radiation and present closed-form solutions for heat transfer for this problem (Abernethy 1976;Sahni et al 2000;Ovalles et al 2002;Davletbaev et al 2008Davletbaev et al , 2009Davletbaev et al , 2011. Many studies have focused on RF-EM and MW heating; to date, however, few research studies present the heat-transfer equations for inductive heating in oil reservoirs.…”

Section: Model and Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Induced Thermal Pressurization in Clearwater Shale Caprock in Electromagnetic Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Projects

2013

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Inductive methods, such as electromagnetic steam-assisted gravity drainage (EM-SAGD), have been identified as technically and economically feasible recovery methods for shallow oil-sands reservoirs with overburdens of more than 30 m (Koolman et al. 2008). However, in EM-SAGD projects, the caprock overlying oil-sands reservoirs is also electromagnetically heated along with the bitumen reservoir. Because permeability is low in Alberta thermal-project caprock formations (i.e., the Clearwater shale formation in the Athabasca deposit and the Colorado shale formation in the Cold Lake deposit), the pore pressure resulting from the thermal expansion of pore fluids may not be balanced with the fluid loss caused by flow and the fluid-volume changes resulting from pore dilation. In extreme cases, the water boils, and the pore pressure increases dramatically as a result of the phase change in the water, which causes profound effective-stress reduction. After this condition is established, pore pressure increases can lead to shear failure of the caprock, the creation of microcracks and hydraulic fractures, and subsequent caprock integrity failure. It is typically believed that low-permeability caprocks impede the transmission of pore pressure from the reservoir, making them more resistant to shear failure (Collins 2005(Collins , 2007. In cases of induced thermal pressurization, low-permeability caprocks are not always more resistant. In this study, analytical solutions are obtained for temperature and pore-pressure rises caused by the constant EM heating rate of the caprock. These analytical solutions show that pore-pressure increases from EM heating depend on the permeability and compressibility of the caprock formation. For stiff or low-compressibility media, thermal pressurization can cause fluid pressures to approach hydrostatic pressure, and shear strength to approach zero for low-cohesive-strength units of the caprock (units of the caprock with high silt and sand percentage) and sections of the caprock with pre-existing fractures with no cohesion. IntroductionOf Canada's 179 billion bbl of oil reserves, Alberta's oil sand contains 170.4 billion bbl of those oil reserves (Government of Alberta 2011, 2012, and with the recent increase in demand, tremendous efforts are being made to develop bitumen reservoirs in the coming decades. SAGD is one successful thermal-recovery technique applied to the oil sands of Alberta, Canada. Approximately 80% of the oil sands are recoverable through in-situ production (i.e., they lie at a depth of 75 to 750 m with an average seam thickness of less than 20 m), with only 20% recoverable by mining (i.e., they lie at a depth of 75 m or less with an average seam thickness of 32 m) (Vermeulen and Chute 1983; Government of Alberta 2008).

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“…Theoretical aspects of heavy-oil production were covered by Abernethy (1976), Islam et al (1991), Sahni et al (2000), Sayakhov et al (2002), and Carrizales et al (2008). Several other studies investigated the heat and mass transfer processes in heavy oil reservoirs stimulated by EM radiation (Sayakhov et al, 1998;Kovaleva and Khaydar, 2004;Kovaleva et al, 2004;Davletbaev et al, 2008 and2009). A number of other investigations proposed analytical models of lab experiments (Hiebert et al, 1986;Ovalles et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery Using Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation and Electrical Heating: Theoretical Analysis and Field Scale Observations

et al. 2010

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Heavy-oil and bitumen recovery from difficult geological media such as deep, heterogeneous and high shale content sands and carbonates, and oilshale reservoirs requires techniques other than conventional thermal and miscible injection methods. Materials in oil reservoirs (formation water, crude oil, oil-water emulsions, bitumen and their components like resins, asphaltenes, and paraffin) are non-magnetic dielectric materials with low electrical conductivity. If the electromagnetic field can be created to change these properties, electro-thermo controlled hydrodynamics could improve the displacement and recovery of heavyoil/bitumen. This paper deals with the recovery improvement of heavy-oil/bitumen by Radio-Frequency (RF) Electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The RF-EM fields in the form of waves can penetrate deeply enough -from fractions of a meter to several hundred meters -into oil and gas containing reservoirs to generate heat and eventually improve recovery mainly due to the reduction of oil viscosity. The recovery mechanisms and the dynamics of the RF-EM heating process were analyzed for several field scale applications in Russia. In the Yultimirovskaya tar sand deposits, RF-EM energy was transmitted from the RF-EM generator, located at the surface, into the formation by a coaxial system of the well pipes. Another field example analyzed was the RF-EM stimulation process in several wells of the Mordovo-Karmalskaya tar sands performed in the 1980s. It was observed that the formation was heated to the temperature which was sufficient for injection of oxidant (air) to initiate fire flooding.Then, a mathematical model of this process was presented with a sample exercise. Some data needed for this exercise were obtained from the field tests evaluated.Field tests proved the efficiency of the RF-EM stimulation of heavy oil / bitumen deposits with low water cut values (in operating production wells with water cut <30% on early field development stages). Numerical simulations suggest that bottomhole temperature and heat/mass transfer effects in the reservoir can be controlled by setting the output performance of the RF generator and by the difference between the reservoir and bottom-hole pressure.

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Numerical simulation of injection of a solvent into a production well under electromagnetic action

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

Recoveries of Heavy Oil and Bitumen Techniques With the Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Irradiation

Recoveries of Heavy Oil and Bitumen Techniques With the Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Irradiation

Evaluation of Induced Thermal Pressurization in Clearwater Shale Caprock in Electromagnetic Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Projects

Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery Using Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation and Electrical Heating: Theoretical Analysis and Field Scale Observations

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