Numerical simulation of multi-species transport through saturated concrete during a migration test — MsDiff code

Predictive Models of Chloride Penetration in concrete: An Overview

“…Collepardi [5] Analytical Error-Function Solution to Fick's 2nd law of diffusion (equation (2)) LightCon [46] Bamforth [47] Duracrete [14] Nilsson [17] M | J | E | A | S (3)) Hetek [49] NIST [50] Numerical solution to Fick's 2nd law of diffusion (equation (1)) LIFE-365 [51] Physical ClinConc [20] Numerical solution to mass balance equation in combination to Fick's First of diffusion (equation (6)) Toronto [52] MsDiff [1,53,54] Numerical solution Nernst-Planck equation (equation (10), (11) and (13)) Johannesson [55] STADIUM [56] The apparent chloride diffusion coefficient appearing in equation (2) is derived by evaluating experimental chloride profiles [56]. The time dependency of the diffusion coefficient, given by equation (4) is taken into account by an age factor.…”

Aggregate Shape Effect on Multicomponent Ionic Electromigration in Concrete

“…In most of numerical models considering multispecies transport in concrete (Frizon et al, 2003;Jensen et al, 2014;Li & Page, 1998;Liu & Shi, 2012;Liu et al, 2014;Narsillo et al, 2007;Toumi et al, 2007;Truc et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2001;Šavija et al, 2014), the electrostatic potential is often determined by using the assumption of electroneutrality condition. This implies that the spatial electrostatic potential is purely caused by the externally applied electric field and the charge balance of species occurs everywhere in the solution domain.…”

“…In view of the long duration of diffusion tests and the need of electrochemical rehabilitation, the action of externally applied electric field is prevalently involved in a bunch of numerical models of chloride transport in concrete (Feng, Li, Kim, & Liu, 2016;Frizon, Lorente, Ollivier, & Thouvenot, 2003;Jensen, Johannesson, & Geiker, 2014;Johannesson, Yamada, Nilsson, & Hosokawa, 2007;Krabbenhoft & Krabbenhoft, 2008;Li, Easterbrook, Xia, & Jin, 2015;Li & Page, 1998;Liu, Li, Easterbrook, & Yang, 2012;Liu & Shi, 2012;Liu, Xia, Easterbrook, Yang, & Li, 2014;Narsillo, Li, Pivonka, & Smith, 2007;Samson & Marchand, 2007;Toumi, Francois, & Alvarado, 2007;Truc, Ollivier, & Nilsson, 2000;Wang, Li, & Page, 2001;Xia & Li, 2013;Šavija, Luković, & Schlangen, 2014). These models extended the ionic diffusion to a more complicated migration dominated process, which follows the applications of the rapid chloride permeability/migration (RCP/RCM) test (Whiting, 1981;AASHTO T 277, 1983;ASTM C 1202ASTM C , 1994Tang & Nilsson, 1993a;NT-Build 492, 1999;AASHTO TP 64-03, 2003) and the electrochemical chloride removal/extraction (ECR/ECE) treatment (Lankard, Slatter, Holden, & Niest, 1975).…”

Modelling chloride penetration in concrete using electrical voltage and current approaches

“…To define a complex phenomenon using a single coefficient is a situation that brings several advantages to engineers; however, scientists have known for some time that the Nernst-Planck equation 2 should be used to account for possible ionic interactions.…”

“…Multi-species models have been developed in recent years 2,4 . These incorporate the presence of several free species in the pore solution (normally OH -, Na + , and K + ) along with the chlorides penetrating from the exterior.…”