Numerical Simulation of the Cigarette Smoldering Process

Abstract

Cut tobacco was thermodynamics analyzed as infinitesimal volume, and the equation of energy conservation was built. The process of the burn front moving forward for 1 second(s) could be thermodynamics analyzed and another energy equation was also built. Then, the two equations were combined to get the smoldering velocity, which would be added into the mass, momentum, energy equation which was used to describe the whole burning process. The mass, momentum, energy equation was solved by the CFX software, and the results showed that: 1) After a cigarette ignited, the combustion process was accelerated firstly, then the process became slow and at last be at steady state. 2) Paper diffusivity play a critical role in determining the temperature of the smoldering cone, and the results were in good agreement with the experiment results.

Quantifying Gas-Phase Temperature inside a Burning Cigarette

“…The second reason for acquiring and mathematically modeling the data presented in Figures and is that they can be used to quantitatively check or calibrate computer models and their outputs designed to simulate a burning cigarette. − Many such attempts have been published for different purposes and with various levels of simplification. − The ultimate approach to build a computer model of a burning cigarette will benefit from having numerical values described by an equation as shown here.…”

A Mobile Monitoring Extension of PC-PLC Architecture

“…Although PC has the advantage of providing a friendly human-machine interface, the location of PC must be fixed, which limits the range of motion of production management staffs. In many application areas, remote and mobile monitoring is dispensable, such as surveillance of greenhouse [2], remote access for water infrastructure management [3] and so on. Hence, how to extend the PC-PLC architecture to support mobile monitoring is a problem needed to be addressed.…”