Numerical Simulation of the Densification Behavior of Metal Powder During Hot Isostatic Pressing

Anisotropic shrinkage during hip of encapsulated powder

“…Near-net-shape Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) simulation has been used for a long time in order to reduce development costs and design time. Many different constitutive densification models and simulation tools have been reported, which relate to two different approaches to simulate the densification process of porous powder during HIP: microscopic and macroscopic approach as summarized by Jinka and Lewis (1994) and Nohara et al (1988). The first approach, microscopic, deals with the assembly of individual particles.…”