Numerical Simulation of the Semi-Rigid Behaviour of Integrally Attached Timber Folded Surface Structures

Abstract

Timber folded surface structures assembled using semi-rigid multiple tab and slot joints (MTSJ) have been shown to form feasible structural systems with high load bearing potential. However, for their further development and use on large building scales, a pertinent model for prediction of their structural behaviour has yet to be developed. This paper focuses on simplified numerical methods for accurately modelling the semi-rigid structural behaviour of bidirectional timber folded surface structures with multiple tab and slot connections. Within this scope, the structure behaviour is considered to be in the elastic stage. Three practical methods of analysis for such structural systems are presented. The first two approaches use the Finite Element Method (FEM), where the theory of plates and shells are applied. In the first method, the MTSJs are modeled using strip element models, while, in the second strategy, spring models are used. The third modeling strategy elaborates on the new macroscopic mechanical models, referred to as macro models. Sets of one-dimensional (1D) elements are used to represent the mechanical behaviour of the entire system. Both linear and geometric nonlinear analysis are performed for all three modeling strategies. The numerical results are then validated against the large scale experiments. Comparison of the strip and spring element model results have shown that the strips represent more accurately the experimentally obtained values. Concerning the macro modelling approach, very good agreement with both detailed FE modelling approaches, as well as experimental results, were obtained. The results indicate that both linear and nonlinear analysis can be used for modelling the displacements within the elastic range. However, it is essential to include geometric nonlinearities in the analysis for accurate modelling of occurring strains as well as for displacements when considering higher load levels. Finally, it is demonstrated that including semi-rigidity in the numerical models is of high importance for analysing the behaviour of timber folded surface structures with MTSJ.

A Calculation Method for Interconnected Timber Elements Using Wood-Wood Connections

“…For folded free-form timber plate structures using wood-wood connections, similar approaches were developed from shell FE models to macro-model elements [10].…”

“…Until now, most of the research has mainly focused on timber folded plate [7,8] and free-form structures [5,9], which are very specific geometries. As a result, structural analysis has been performed with sophisticated finite element (FE) models [10,11], and the potential resistances of these connections have been mainly studied in rotation, as it is an important parameter for these typologies [12,13].…”

“…H W L (b) (a) (10) Nevertheless, calculation models for this type of research are generally complex and time-consuming FE models, which are not convenient to use in practice for simple standard elements. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to introduce a simplified calculation model that can capture the specifics of this new type of construction system using IMA.…”

Developing a Library of Shear Walls Database and the Neural Network Based Predictive Meta-Model

“…The slender walls (where the bending deformation is of concern) resist the loads due to cantilever action. In general, the SW system can be classified as reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSW) [2][3][4], steel plate shear wall (SPSW) [5,6], masonry shear walls [7][8][9], composite shear walls, and timber plate shear walls [10,11]. Although the RCSWs have longer history than SPSWs in structural engineering (due to their remarkable strength and lateral stiffness), the application of SPSWs has also increased in the past few decades [12,13].…”

Computer Aided Design to Produce High-Detail Models through Low Cost Digital Fabrication for the Conservation of Aerospace Heritage

“…3D digital printing precision and other fabrication variabilities have been a focus of interest in the scientific literature, including studies that compare the difference between the CAD model and the physical model [4]. In addition, other issues have dealt with the use of different digital manufacturing techniques with materials such as concrete [5] or the study of numerical models to analyze the behavior of timber folded surface structures using semi-rigid multiple tab and slot joints [6].…”