Numerical Simulation of the Wind-Induced Current in the Caspian Sea

Mofidi, Jalal; Hesari, Akbar Rashidi Ebrahim

doi:10.29252/ijcoe.2.1.67

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Caspian Sea, as the largest body of water in the world, consists of three distinguished parts (in terms of bathymetry) of shallow northern waters (0-20 m) and central (max 788 m depth) and southern (1025 m depth) deep-water basins (Trukhchev et al, 1995;Dumont, 1998;Karpinsky et al, 2005;Kosarev and Kostianoy, 2005;Zonn, 2005;Kara et al, 2010;Mofidi and Rashidi, 2018;Dyakonov and Ibrayev, 2019;Komijani et al, 2019). This enclosed water body extends more than 1030 km along the south-north direction, 200-400 km wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total changes and patterns of sea currents in the southern regions are mainly influenced by the wide range flow and seasonal changes of the dipoles, thermohaline variations and climate changes (Kosarev, 2005;Lukashin et al, 2010;Lukashin et al, 2010;Ambrosimov et al, 2011;Ambrosimov et al, 2012;Nicholls et al, 2012;Sharbaty, 2012;Dyakonov and Ibrayev, 2019). Also, the effect of sea-breeze on formation the regional current in the southern part pf the sea was evaluated and reported (Sharbaty, 2012;Bohluly et al, 2018;Mofidi and Rashidi, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the recent decades, the oceanographic researches and dynamical studies in the southern part of the Caspian Sea have been mainly based on developing numerical models and recorded data (such as temperature and salinity). Therefore, most of the results are based on the output of mathematical-hydrodynamic models (Terziev et al, 1992;Trukhchev et al, 1995;Tuzhilkin & Kosarev, 2005;Ghalenoei and Hasanlou, 2017;Mofidi and Rashidi, 2018). By review in the literature, it can be seen that numerical models have been implemented and developed in most studies on the flow pattern in the southern border of the Caspian Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow measurement in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea

Jamshidi

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Oceanographic monitoring was conducted in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea to evaluate the physical structure of seawater and sea currents. This monitoring aimed to gather data and analyze the characteristics of the seawater, including temperature, salinity, density, and other relevant parameters. Additionally, the monitoring also focused on studying the patterns and dynamics of sea currents in the region. The collected data and analysis from this monitoring period provided valuable insights into the oceanographic conditions of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. During storm events, a high level of correlation between the current and wind data was observed in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea during the 2017-2018 monitoring period. The measured current data indicated that the predominant directions were north (N) and northwest (NW). It was observed that strong gusts predominantly originated from the north (N) and northwest (NW) directions. Additionally, a smaller portion of the strong gusts was observed to come from the South-Southeast (S-SE) direction. These findings indicate that the prevailing wind patterns during the monitoring period were primarily from the north and northwest, with a lesser contribution from the South-Southeast direction. The current profiles observed during the monitoring period in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea were primarily influenced by the general circulation pattern of the region. This circulation pattern played a significant role in shaping the current profiles observed during the measurements. In terms of the surface current speed, the maximum recorded value was approximately 200 cm/s, which occurred in January. This indicates that there were instances of relatively high-speed currents in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea during that time. The evaluation of inter-annual variability in vertical structure and seawater temperature profiles during the monitoring period confirmed the presence of seasonal stratification in the water column of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. This stratification was observed to consist of different layers, including the surface mixed layer, thermocline, and deep-water layers. The formation of these layers is indicative of the seasonal variations in temperature and density within the water column. The vertical changes in the water’s physical parameters during the monitoring period revealed the formation of stratification in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. In March, it was observed that the water temperature decreased from 11.5°C at the surface to 8.5°C at a depth of 100 m, indicating the presence of a temperature gradient. As the monitoring progressed into May, the stratification became stronger, with the surface water temperature reaching around 23°C. By August, the surface layer of the sea water experienced a significant increase in temperature, reaching 29°C. These observations highlight the development of stratification and the seasonal variations in water temperature during the monitoring period in spring and summer seasons. The water temperature beneath the thermocline layer, specifically at a depth of 100 meters, was recorded to be around 8-8.5 oC. Additionally, the water salinity in the water column exhibited fluctuations between 12-12.5 (psu). Monitoring and understanding physical properties variations are crucial for assessing the oceanographic conditions and their potential impact on marine ecosystems in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow measurement in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea

Jamshidi

2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The most recent studies of storm surges in different water areas are based on ocean circulation models and wave models, which are used together or separately [12,13]. The bottom topography has a key role in steering currents and has generated a divergence in the surface Ekman layer in the Caspian Sea [14]. The unstructured computational grids provide good results for high-resolution modeling in shallow water coastal areas [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storm Surges and Extreme Wind Waves in the Caspian Sea in the Present and Future Climate

Pavlova

Myslenkov²,

Архипкин³

et al. 2022

Civ Eng J

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The Caspian Sea is of particular interest. Against the background of long-term sea level changes, low-lying coastal areas in the northern part are subject to constant flooding as a result of storm surges. The elongation of the sea in the meridional direction allows the development of strong waves in the middle and southern parts. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of storm surges and storm waves is especially important in the context of ongoing climate change. This study is devoted to the analysis of storm surges for the time period from 1979 up to 2017 and wind waves from 1979 to 2020 in the Caspian Sea region. The circulation model ADCIRC and the wave model WAVEWATCH III with wind and pressure forcing from the NCEP/CFSR reanalysis were used. The modeling is performed on different unstructured grids with spacings of 500–900 m in the coastal zone. Mean and extreme values of surges, wave parameters and storm activity are provided in the research. The maximum significant wave height for the whole period was 8.2 m. The average long-term SWH did not exceed 1.1 m. No significant trends in the storm activity were found. The maximum surge height was 2.7 m. The analysis of the interannual variability of the surges' occurrence showed that 7–10 surges with a height of more than 1 meter were detected every year. The total duration of these surges was 20–30 days per year. Assessment of the risks of coastal flooding was carried out by calculating the extreme values of the sea for different return periods: 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. The extreme sea level values in the northern part of the Caspian Sea for the 100-year return period are close to 3 m, and the areas with big surges are located along the eastern and western coasts. A forecast is made for the recurrence of storm wind waves in the 21st century based on climatic scenarios in CMIP5. A statistically significant increase in the recurrence of storm waves is to be expected in the near future, but that increase is not severe. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-01 Full Text: PDF

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“…Over the last decades, some studies have been conducted on the circulation and currents in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea using collected data and numerical models. Nevertheless, it seems that there is not enough data to analyse sea current pattern and dynamical studies (Mofidi & Rashidi 2018). The instrumental measurements of the Caspian Sea currents have mostly been performed over the shelf.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of physical and dynamical characteristics of the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea

Jamshidi

Jafari

2021

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

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This research evaluated the variability of current characteristics and seawater properties in the middle part of the southern shelf of the Caspian Sea. The effect of the coastal flow on marine debris dispreading was assessed in the southern Caspian Sea for the first time. The findings showed the existence of thermal stratification containing seasonal thermocline with thickness of about 40 m in the water column. Maximum monthly along-shore current velocities around 1.3 m s−1 were observed in November and December. Monthly variations were clearly found in both flow velocity and local wind components. However, no significant levels of correlation between wind and current speeds were observed during the study in the region. In some cases, the mean monthly cross-shore component velocities were measured at about 29 cm s−1 in November. The findings indicated that there was no upwelling phenomenon associated to the regional wind in the study area. In situ current measurements indicated dominant east and north-northeast directions, presumably related to the effect of general circulation in the southern basin. Current profiles in the water column displayed similarity in directions at 10, 15 and 20 m depths over the continental shelf. The field samples and analysis revealed that the soft and smaller-scale seawater litters can be carried long distances by the current along the coast. Most coastal based and marine litters originated from the tourist activities (in the middle and western parts of the shores) and waste emanated from the river (Tonekabon-Nowshahr).

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Numerical Simulation of the Wind-Induced Current in the Caspian Sea

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Flow measurement in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea

Flow measurement in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea

Storm Surges and Extreme Wind Waves in the Caspian Sea in the Present and Future Climate

Environmental impacts of physical and dynamical characteristics of the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea

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