Quantitative analysis of primary tar yields volatilized from biomass (Effect of heating rate and biomass type on tar components)
IntroductionWith the aim of effectively utilizing renewable biomass energy resources, gasification and combustion technologies are actively being developed to construct gasifiers (e.g. Matsumoto et al., 2009); to develop bio-oil production apparatus (Li and Suzuki, 2010); and to increase CO2 reduction during power generation by using biomass (Chiaramonti et al., 2007; Weiland et al., 2012).In bio-oil production, pyrolysis at a high heating rate can be expected to afford a higher yield of oil than that at a slow heating rate (Onay and Kockar, 2003). Therefore, the rapid pyrolysis technique has been attracting attention as a means of obtaining high yield of useful liquid compounds. In contrast, the choking phenomenon caused by biomass tar has long been identified as a serious problem in gasification furnaces (Srinivas et al., 2013;Houben et al., 2005). Tar is so highly viscous that when it is solidified or liquefied by cooling, it may stick to the inside of the equipment and the gasification system (i.e., in the mechanical ducts and plumbing pipe), resulting in the choking phenomenon. However, a detailed study on biomass tar components and changes in the yield of chemical materials subjected to different pyrolysis conditions has not been conducted. In addition, recent attempts have been devoted to apply detailed chemical calculations for the design of gasifiers and for chemical utilization (Debiagi et al., 2016; Thimthong et al., 2015). For such calculations, the yield of tar volatilized from biomass must be entered as the initial value (mole/weight). Therefore, the