Numerically Modeling Personnel Danger on a Promenade Breakwater Due to Overtopping Waves

Endoh, Kimihiko; Takahashi, Shigeo

doi:10.1061/9780784400890.075

Cited by 18 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The critical hv 2 for instability changes for different surfaces and conditions (i.e., for varying values of μ ). Endoh and Takahashi (1995) give measured values of μ for different surfaces and shoe types. Values range between 0.38 for concrete covered with seaweed to 1.12 for rough concrete.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Instability in Flood Flows¹

Jonkman

Penning‐Rowsell

2008

J American Water Resour Assoc

170

171

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Loss of human stability in flood flows and consequent drowning are a high personal hazard. In this paper, we review past experimental work on human instability. The results of new experiments by the Flood Hazard Research Centre (FHRC) are also reported. These new results show that low depth/high velocity flood waters are more dangerous than suggested based on previous experimental work. It is discussed how human instability can be related to two physical mechanisms: moment instability (toppling) and friction instability (sliding). Comparison of the test results with these physical mechanisms suggests that the occurrence of instability in the tests by FHRC is related to friction instability. This mechanism appears to occur earlier than moment instability for the combination of shallow depth and high flow velocity. Those concerned to identify locations where high flood flows could be a threat to human life need to modify their hazard assessments accordingly.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Instability in Flood Flows¹

Jonkman

Penning‐Rowsell

2008

J American Water Resour Assoc

170

171

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“…where m and L is the mass and height of standard adult male, respectively; α is the person's angle to flowing direction; D C is the drag coefficient; B is the body width exposed normal to the flow; ρ is the density of water; M C is the moment coefficient; μ is the friction coefficient; F C is the friction coefficient. From Equations (3) [14]) were calculated by changing α (0-90°) and plotted in Figure 10. In Figure 10, the measurement points shown in Figures 8 and 9 were also plotted to evaluate the human instability from floods in the study area.…”

Section: Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The threshold values (h c , v c ) in conditions of standard adult male in South Korea who has L = 174 cm, m = 76 kg, C D = 1.1 and B = 0.4 m and on a concrete covered road (µ = 0.5 [14]) were calculated by changing α (0-90 • ) and plotted in Figure 10. In Figure 10, the measurement points shown in Figures 8 and 9 were also plotted to evaluate the human instability from floods in the study area.…”

Section: Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

2020

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An urban flood in the Sadang area located in South Korea was reproduced using a rainfall simulator. The rainfall simulator was developed to be able to demonstrate the rainfall intensity in range of 80-200 mm/h, and the artificial rainfall was created using 42 full cone type nozzles in the urban model. The uniformity coefficient of the rainfall distribution was 89.5%, which indicates the rainfall simulator achieved the high requirements for spatial uniformity. The flood experiments in the 1/200 scale model of the Sadang area were conducted using the rainfall simulator, and the flood patterns were investigated by changing the rainfall intensity. The rainwater mainly accumulated in the lowland of the crossroad where the entrances to the subway station are located. The flow velocity and the inundation depth were sharply increased until the rainfall intensity became 160 mm/h. Furthermore, the unstable human activities based on the moment and the friction instabilities also occurred from 160 mm/h. These results suggest that the study area requires flood damage mitigation facilities considering a rainfall intensity exceeding 160 mm/h.

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“…Some studies were developed intending to raise the understanding of mechanisms that cause the loss of stability of the human body in inundations, for instance: Foster and Cox (1973), Abt et al (1989), Endoh and Takahashi (1994), Karvonen et al (2000), Lind, Hartford and Assaf (2004), Jonkman and Penning-Rowsell (2008), Rotava, Mendiondo and Souza (2013), Xia et al (2014), Milanesi, Pilotti and Ranzi (2015) and Arrighi, Oumeraci and Castelli (2017). It was noticed that the factors that influence the most those mechanisms are hydrodynamic (velocity and depth of the water), physical attributes (weight, height), psychological conditions of the human being and topographic conditions of the place.…”

Section: Physical Mechanisms Of Human Body Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of physical mechanisms of human body instability for the definition of hazard zones present in emergency action plans of dams. Case study: Santa Helena Dam, Bahia

Vieira

Fontes

Simões

2019

RBRH

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The impacts caused by flood waves due to dam ruptures usually cause irreversible damages to the resident population, and, the loss of body equilibrium in floods contributes to aggravate this scenario. In this context, this work aimed to analyse the influence of consideration of physical mechanisms that cause instability in the human body on the definition of hazard zones. Therefore, it was developed simulation of the propagation of the flood wave due to the hypothetical rupture of Santa Helena Dam in Bahia, using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS. The results of flow velocities and heights were related and compared to different criteria of hazard zonings and mechanisms that cause body instability. It was verified that the consideration of instability mechanisms of the human body can contribute to hazard management, through the knowledge of areas in which different individuals may topple or slide. It was confirmed that in supercritical flow regimes is more likely for the individual to slide and that in subcritical regimes the individual will topple. Moreover, the consideration of parameters such as buoyancy force and the angle related to the human body's adaptive ability in a flooding influence on the definition of zones.

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Numerically Modeling Personnel Danger on a Promenade Breakwater Due to Overtopping Waves

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Human Instability in Flood Flows¹

Human Instability in Flood Flows¹

Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

Analysis of physical mechanisms of human body instability for the definition of hazard zones present in emergency action plans of dams. Case study: Santa Helena Dam, Bahia

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Numerically Modeling Personnel Danger on a Promenade Breakwater Due to Overtopping Waves

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Human Instability in Flood Flows1

Human Instability in Flood Flows1

Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

Analysis of physical mechanisms of human body instability for the definition of hazard zones present in emergency action plans of dams. Case study: Santa Helena Dam, Bahia

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Human Instability in Flood Flows¹

Human Instability in Flood Flows¹