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RESUMO: Objetivou-se identificar atividades dos enfermeiros na transição do cuidado do hospital para o domicílio a partir de evidências na literatura. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada em agosto de 2015, mediante busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SCOPUS e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Foram selecionados 22 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Identificaram-se estudos de intervenção, pesquisas experimentais, quaseexperimentais, em idosos e com doenças crônicas. Os resultados evidenciaram cinco categorias temáticas com as principais atividades dos enfermeiros na transição do cuidado: planejamento de cuidados para a alta; auxílio na reabilitação social; educação em saúde; articulação com os demais serviços; acompanhamento pós-alta. Conclui-se que há necessidade de aprimoramento das práticas assistenciais e organização das atividades dos enfermeiros, promovendo coordenação do cuidado com foco na transição do hospital para o domicílio. DESCRITORES: Cuidado transicional; Alta do paciente; Continuidade da assistência ao paciente; Enfermagem. (22) articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Interventional, experimental and quasi-experimental studies with elderly and patients with chronic diseases were identified. The results showed five thematic categories related to the main activities of nurses in transitional care: planning for discharge; assistance in social rehabilitation; health education; coordination with other services; postdischarge follow-up. It is concluded that improvement of care practices and organization of nurses' activities is needed, to ensure the coordination of care focused on transition from hospital to home. TRANSICIÓN DEL CUIDADO DEL HOSPITAL PARA EL DOMICILIO: REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA RESUMEN: Estudio cuya finalidad fue identificar actividades de los enfermeros en la transición del cuidado del hospital para el domicilio considerándose evidencias en la literatura. Es una revisión integrativa, realizada en agosto de 2015, por medio de búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SCOPUS y Literatura Latinoamericana y de Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud. Se seleccionaron 22 artículos de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron estudios de intervención, investigaciones experimentales, casi experimentales, en ancianos y con enfermedades crónicas. Los resultados apuntaron cinco categorías temáticas con las principales actividades de los enfermeros en la transición del cuidado: planeamiento de cuidados para el alta; ayuda en la rehabilitación social; educación en salud; articulación con otros servicios; acompañamiento despues del alta. Se constata que hay necesidad de perfeccionamiento de las prácticas asistenciales y organización de las actividades de los enfermeros, para promover coordinación del cuidado con énfasis en la transición del hospital para el domicilio. DESCRIPTORES: Cuidado tran...
RESUMO: Objetivou-se identificar atividades dos enfermeiros na transição do cuidado do hospital para o domicílio a partir de evidências na literatura. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada em agosto de 2015, mediante busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SCOPUS e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Foram selecionados 22 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Identificaram-se estudos de intervenção, pesquisas experimentais, quaseexperimentais, em idosos e com doenças crônicas. Os resultados evidenciaram cinco categorias temáticas com as principais atividades dos enfermeiros na transição do cuidado: planejamento de cuidados para a alta; auxílio na reabilitação social; educação em saúde; articulação com os demais serviços; acompanhamento pós-alta. Conclui-se que há necessidade de aprimoramento das práticas assistenciais e organização das atividades dos enfermeiros, promovendo coordenação do cuidado com foco na transição do hospital para o domicílio. DESCRITORES: Cuidado transicional; Alta do paciente; Continuidade da assistência ao paciente; Enfermagem. (22) articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Interventional, experimental and quasi-experimental studies with elderly and patients with chronic diseases were identified. The results showed five thematic categories related to the main activities of nurses in transitional care: planning for discharge; assistance in social rehabilitation; health education; coordination with other services; postdischarge follow-up. It is concluded that improvement of care practices and organization of nurses' activities is needed, to ensure the coordination of care focused on transition from hospital to home. TRANSICIÓN DEL CUIDADO DEL HOSPITAL PARA EL DOMICILIO: REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA RESUMEN: Estudio cuya finalidad fue identificar actividades de los enfermeros en la transición del cuidado del hospital para el domicilio considerándose evidencias en la literatura. Es una revisión integrativa, realizada en agosto de 2015, por medio de búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SCOPUS y Literatura Latinoamericana y de Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud. Se seleccionaron 22 artículos de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron estudios de intervención, investigaciones experimentales, casi experimentales, en ancianos y con enfermedades crónicas. Los resultados apuntaron cinco categorías temáticas con las principales actividades de los enfermeros en la transición del cuidado: planeamiento de cuidados para el alta; ayuda en la rehabilitación social; educación en salud; articulación con otros servicios; acompañamiento despues del alta. Se constata que hay necesidad de perfeccionamiento de las prácticas asistenciales y organización de las actividades de los enfermeros, para promover coordinación del cuidado con énfasis en la transición del hospital para el domicilio. DESCRIPTORES: Cuidado tran...
ImportanceDischarge from the hospital to the community has been associated with serious patient risks and excess service costs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative effectiveness associated with transitional care interventions with different complexity levels at improving health care utilization and patient outcomes in the transition from the hospital to the community.Data SourcesCENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until August 2022.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials evaluating transitional care interventions from hospitals to the community were identified.Data Extraction and SynthesisAt least 2 reviewers were involved in all data screening and extraction. Random-effects network meta-analyses and meta-regressions were applied. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days after discharge. Secondary outcomes included emergency department visits, mortality, quality of life, patient satisfaction, medication adherence, length of stay, primary care and outpatient visits, and intervention uptake.ResultsOverall, 126 trials with 97 408 participants were included, 86 (68%) of which were of low risk of bias. Low-complexity interventions were associated with the most efficacy for reducing hospital readmissions at 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.92) and 180 days (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.66) and emergency department visits (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96). Medium-complexity interventions were associated with the most efficacy at reducing hospital readmissions at 90 days (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.92), reducing adverse events (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.75), and improving medication adherence (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.67) but were associated with less efficacy than low-complexity interventions for reducing readmissions at 30 and 180 days. High-complexity interventions were most effective for reducing length of hospital stay (SMD, −0.20; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.03) and increasing patient satisfaction (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.82) but were least effective for reducing readmissions at all time periods. None of the interventions were associated with improved uptake, quality of life (general, mental, or physical), or primary care and outpatient visits.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that low- and medium-complexity transitional care interventions were associated with reducing health care utilization for patients transitioning from hospitals to the community. Comprehensive and consistent outcome measures are needed to capture the patient benefits of transitional care interventions.
Culturally appropriate diabetes health education appears to have short term effects on glycaemic control and knowledge of diabetes and healthy lifestyles. None of the studies were long-term, and so clinically important long-term outcomes could not be studied. No studies included an economic analysis. The heterogeneity of studies made subgroup comparisons difficult to interpret with confidence. There is a need for long-term, standardised multi-centre RCTs that compare different types and intensities of culturally appropriate health education within defined ethnic minority groups.
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