“…Flexible staffing constantly shapes nursing work environments and work relationships (Gan, 2019b), resulting in concerns regarding its implications on patient care (Maenhout & Vanhoucke, 2013;Xue, Chappel, Freund, Aiken, & Noyes, 2015 (Larson, Sendelbach, Missal, Fliss, & Gaillard, 2012;Seo & Spetz, 2013). Nurse managers want to deliver safe, quality patient care without overstaffing their units or incurring unnecessary costs (Agosto et al, 2017;Kortbeek et al, 2015 (Jamieson, Williams, Lauder, & Dwyer, 2007), a Canadian study reported that work schedules that changed rapidly and unexpectedly were associated with depression among nurses (Hall, Franche, & Koehoorn, 2018). Australian nurses at a medium-sized general acute care hospital reported reduced depression when they worked afternoon or night shifts (Rodwell & Fernando, 2016), but non-day shifts did not improve the mental health of nurses working in aged care or maternity settings.…”