Climate change threatens human life and health by negatively affecting basic components of health such as clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply and safe shelter. In this review, it is aimed to draw attention to the effects of global climate changes on health and to examine how public health nurses can contribute to this change. Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year due to malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and temperature rises. Developing countries, which have poor health infrastructures, do not take the necessary measures to combat climate change, and people living in large cities and mountainous and polar regions will be more affected by the negative health effects of climate change. Children, the elderly, the poor and minorities, workers, and immunocompromised individuals are primarily affected by climate change. Improving transportation, regulating food and energy use, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and especially reducing air pollution are priority areas in combating climate change. Although all sectors have a role in the fight against climate change, health workers and especially nurses have duties. In particular, public health nurses can play a vital role in adapting to climate changes at the local and regional level and in coping with the expected health effects of climate changes. According to the International Nurses Association (ICN), nurses should take a role in reducing the effects of climate change at both national and individual levels. In the determination of sustainable practices and environmental policies at the national level, they should first educate themselves, then individuals, families and society for waste management practices, healthy lifestyle behaviors, awareness of the effects of climate change and struggle in the institutions they work at individual level.