Nutrient and antinutrient content of an underexploited Malawian water tuber<i>Nymphaea Petersiana</i>(Nyika)*

Chawanje, Chrissie M.; Barbeau, William E.; Grün, Ingolf U.

doi:10.1080/03670244.2001.9991658

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The nutritional quality of a food protein depends on the kinds and amounts of amino acids it contains, and represents a measure of the efficiency with which the body can utilize the protein (Chawanje, Barbeau, & Grün, ). The protein quality of Anchote tuber and leaf were determined based on their amino acid profile and presented in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid profile and protein quality in tuber and leaf of Coccnia abyssinica (Lam.) (Cogn.) accessions of Ethiopia

Ayalew

Retta

Haki³

et al. 2016

Food Science & Nutrition

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The protein content and amino acid profile of Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) leaves and tubers were determined from ten different accessions taken from Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid profile was analyzed using performic acid oxidation and acid hydrolysis by ninhydrin‐derivatized analysis with amino acid analyzer. Crude protein content of Anchote tuber ranged from 10.70% ± 0.26% to 13.72% ± 0.10%, whereas the crude protein content in leaves were ranged between 30.38 ± 0.01% (“240407‐1”) and 35.42 ± 0.05% (“223109‐1”). Total amino acid content ranged from 45.12 to 62.89 and 67.31 to 75.69 g/100 g protein for tuber and leaf samples, respectively. The mean values of essential, conditionally essential and nonessential amino acids were 37.22 & 36.79%; 28.62 & 24.10%; and 34.16 & 39.11% for tubers and leaves, respectively. Arginine in tubers and glutamic acid in leaves ranked the highest of all amino acids; while the least dominant essential amino acid was methionine in both parts. Among the essential amino acids, leucine was dominant in all accessions tested with values ranged from 3.12 to 5.32 g/100 g protein in tubers and from 5.15 to 5.65 g/100 g protein in leaves. In general, the average amino acid content was higher in the leaves (71.08 g/100 g protein) compared to the tubers (51.11 g/100 g protein). The nutritional quality of Coccinia abyssinica leaves and tubers range as follows: total essential amino acids (TEAA)/ total amino acids (TAA) (37.57 & 36.82%), TEAA/total non‐essential amino acids (TNEAA) ratio (0.60 & 0.58), The predicted protein efficiency ratio (P‐PER) (1.22 & 1.80), Essential amino acid index (EAAI) (35.28 & 53.93%), Predicted biological value (P‐BV) (26.76 & 47.09%), Nutritional index (4.11 & 17.71%), and Amino acid score (73 & 108) for tuber and leaf sample, respectively. A significant variability was observed in protein and amino acid profile among accessions and plant parts, and the leaf part were found to be richer in protein content and associated nutritional quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid profile and protein quality in tuber and leaf of Coccnia abyssinica (Lam.) (Cogn.) accessions of Ethiopia

Ayalew

Retta

Haki³

et al. 2016

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…The rhizomes have maximal nutrient quality at the end of the high-growth season (Brock et al, 1983). USOs of Nymphaea, Nuphar, and Nelumbo include corms, tubers, and/or rhizomes, all of which are eaten both raw and cooked in every continent, by both farmers and hunter-gatherers (Jones and Meehan, 1989;Brand-Miller et al, 1993;Tull, 1999;Chawanje et al, 2001). The USOs of Nymphaea appear to be fallback foods in the Okavango Delta, Botswana.…”

Section: Are Aquatic Habitats Especially Productive Of Usos?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow‐water habitats as sources of fallback foods for hominins

Wrangham

Cheney

Seyfarth

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

160

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Underground storage organs (USOs) have been proposed as critical fallback foods for early hominins in savanna, but there has been little discussion as to which habitats would have been important sources of USOs. USOs consumed by hominins could have included both underwater and underground storage organs, i.e., from both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Shallow aquatic habitats tend to offer high plant growth rates, high USO densities, and relatively continuous USO availability throughout the year. Baboons in the Okavango delta use aquatic USOs as a fallback food, and aquatic or semiaquatic USOs support high‐density human populations in various parts of the world. As expected given fossilization requisites, the African early‐ to mid‐Pleistocene shows an association of Homo and Paranthropus fossils with shallow‐water and flooded habitats where high densities of plant‐bearing USOs are likely to have occurred. Given that early hominins in the tropics lived in relatively dry habitats, while others occupied temperate latitudes, ripe, fleshy fruits of the type preferred by African apes would not normally have been available year round. We therefore suggest that water‐associated USOs were likely to have been key fallback foods, and that dry‐season access to aquatic habitats would have been an important predictor of hominin home range quality. This study differs from traditional savanna chimpanzee models of hominin origins by proposing that access to aquatic habitats was a necessary condition for adaptation to savanna habitats. It also raises the possibility that harvesting efficiency in shallow water promoted adaptations for habitual bipedality in early hominins. Am J Phys Anthropol 140:630–642, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…from the other varieties of that species. The Malawan plants have large round tubers that are used as food (Chawanje et al 2001), but so far, important information on the floral biology, degree of syncarpy, and pollen morphology is lacking for N. petersiana that could shed further light on its subgeneric affinities.…”

Section: Radiations Within Major Lineages Of Nymphaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny ofNymphaea(Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from Substitutions and Microstructural Changes in the ChloroplasttrnT‐trnFRegion

Borsch¹,

Hilu

Wiersema

et al. 2007

International Journal of Plant Sciences

101

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Nymphaea is the most speciose, phenotypically diverse, and geographically widespread (nearly global) genus of Nymphaeales. Phylogenetic relationships among 35 of an estimated 45-50 species of Nymphaea are presented based on an analysis of the chloroplast trnT-trnF region. Because this is the first phylogenetic analysis of Nymphaea, monophyly of the genus had to be tested, and its status in Nymphaeales had to be inferred. Rooting was therefore extended to more distant outgroups (Amborella, Austrobaileyales). Monophyly of Nymphaea received weak support, with a Euryale-Victoria clade appearing as sister. The three major lineages within Nymphaea are constituted by the northern temperate subg. Nymphaea that is sister to all remaining species, a subgg. Hydrocallis-Lotos clade, and a subgg. Anecphya-Brachyceras clade. The Australian genus Ondinea was nested at species level within Nymphaea subg. Anecphya. The pantropical subg. Brachyceras as currently circumscribed does not appear natural, with Nymphaea petersiana belonging to subg. Lotos. Microstructural changes are frequent and highly informative, exhibiting lower levels of homoplasy than substitutions. Reconstructing the evolution of microstructural changes shows a strong insertion bias in simple sequence repeats. Complex indels are often explained by mutational events that occurred independently in different parts of the tree rather than being the result of stepwise events at subsequent nodes. AT-rich, satellite-like sequence parts have evolved independently in the P8 stem loop of the trnL group I intron in Nuphar and in major lineages of Nymphaea. They seem to be conserved in sequence within species but are highly variable among species. Moreover, the trnT-trnF region provides a signal that allows recognition (bar coding) of most species analyzed so far.

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Nutrient and antinutrient content of an underexploited Malawian water tuberNymphaea Petersiana(Nyika)*

Cited by 7 publications

References 50 publications

Amino acid profile and protein quality in tuber and leaf of Coccnia abyssinica (Lam.) (Cogn.) accessions of Ethiopia

Amino acid profile and protein quality in tuber and leaf of Coccnia abyssinica (Lam.) (Cogn.) accessions of Ethiopia

Shallow‐water habitats as sources of fallback foods for hominins

Phylogeny ofNymphaea(Nymphaeaceae): Evidence from Substitutions and Microstructural Changes in the ChloroplasttrnT‐trnFRegion

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