Nutrient density of prestarter diets from 1 to 10 days of age affects intestinal morphometry, enzyme activity, serum indices and performance of broiler chickens

Ivanovich, Ficinine V.; Karlovich, O. A.; Mahdavi, Reza; Afanasyevich, Egorov I.

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.005

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the present study, the relative weights of liver and gizzard and proventriculus peaked at 14 D of age, and then decreased until 35 D of age. The peak of the relative weight of liver and pancreas was in accordance with Ivanovich et al ( 2017 ). The rapid growth of the intestine reaches a maximum between 6 and 10 D and declines thereafter (Sklan, 2001 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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A total of 960 male Ross 308 chicks (day-old) were used to investigate the effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible energy (DE) for broiler chickens. Bird growth variables, nitrogen retention (NR), nitrogen digestibility (ND), as well as the relative weight of liver, pancreas, and the gastrointestinal tract were determined. Practical diets that compared 2 cereals (corn and wheat) and exogenous xylanase (0 or 16,000 BXU/kg) were evaluated at 5 ages (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 D) in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and started with 30 birds per replicate. A randomized block ANOVA analysis of repeated measures was performed, and a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial structure was used to investigate the 2 dietary treatment factors (cereal type and the presence of xylanase) within the 5 bird ages (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 D), and their interactions. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) increased linearly from 7 until 28 D of age, but ( P < 0.05) decreased at 35 D of age. Digestible energy was high at 7 D of age, then dropped and remained similar ( P > 0.05) from 14 to 35 D of age. The AME: DE ratio was lowest ( P < 0.05) at 7 D of age but there were no ( P > 0.05) differences thereafter. Cereal type and xylanase supplementation did not ( P > 0.05) change the ME: DE ratio. The results indicate that determining ME before 14 D of age may give absolute values that are lower than would be obtained with older birds. ME values that are determined on older broiler chickens may overestimate the energy availability of practical feeds used in broiler starter feeds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens

et al. 2020

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“…Molasses can be serving as a source of energy in the poultry feeds and was used to improve the palatability and feed intake of chicks with a dietary recommended level not more than 5-7% in the mash chicks' diets [16]. On the other hand, it was documented that increasing dietary protein (24.6% vs. 21.4%) and digestible amino acids (114% vs. 100% of cobb recommendation) in the pre-starter diets (day 1 to day 10 of age) greatly enhanced the growth performance with significant changes in the intestinal weight and histomorphology of broilers [17]. Early nutrition on easily digestible carbohydrates, protein or amino acids either in ovo or in the chicks' early diets were applied to decrease the demand for gluconeogenesis, meet the needs for rapid growth, enhance the intestinal development, and augment the immune response during the early PH period [3,5,7,[17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks

Selim

Abdel-Megeid

Abou-Elnaga

et al. 2021

Animals

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Early feeding post-hatching (EFPH) can impact the immune response and modify the immunity-related gene expression. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of EFPH with different diets composition versus fasting during the first 72 h of chick’s life on the histomorphological structures of the liver, proventriculus, central and peripheral lymphoid organs, and immunity-related genes in layer-type chicks during the brooding period. A total of 400 chicks were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 4 replicates each. The experimental groups during the first 72 h of life were: feed and water deprivation (control, T1), feeding a starter layer diet (20% CP and 11.84 MJ/kg ME, T2), feeding a starter layer diet contained 3% molasses in its composition (20% CP and 11.81 MJ/kg ME; T3), and feeding a starter broiler diet (23% CP and 12.68 MJ/kg ME, T4). After the first 72 h of chick’s life, all chicks were fed ad libitum the T2 diet. EFPH had no negative effect on the development of the lymphoid or digestive organs in chicks. Greater relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (p < 0.05) were observed in the early fed chicks compared to control at day 14 of age. Histomorphological examination revealed an increase (p < 0.05) in thymus cortex and cortex:medulla in the T3 and T4 groups compared to the fasted ones at day 28 of age. Pelicae height, follicular width, cortex, and cortex:medulla of bursa were improved (p < 0.01) in the fed groups compared to fasted chicks, with resultant influences on the primary lymphoid organs. Compared to control, higher germinal center areas and white pulp of the spleen (p < 0.05) were recorded in the early fed chicks, implying augmented proliferation and maturation of B cells in the secondary lymphoid organs. In the liver, a strong positive reaction to Best’s carmine stain in the early fed groups, indicating that the liver of these chicks had numerous glycogen granules or greater glycogen density in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. There was a significant enhancement in the proventriculus mucosal and gland thickness, as well as fold height (p < 0.05) in the early fed chicks. The expression levels of splenic Toll-like receptor 2, interleukin 4, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon gamma were up-regulated (p < 0.01) in most of the early fed chicks (T2, T3, and T4) compared to fasted ones at 14 day of age. In conclusion, EFPH could modify the splenic-immunity related genes and modulate the histomorphology of the digestive (liver and proventriculus) and lymphoid organs in layer-type chicks during the brooding period.

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“…On the other hand, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not affected by treatments, showing that the health status was not changed by AME N reduction and compound feed processing. Ivanovich et al [ 32 ] conducted a study of changing AME N and amino acid concentrations, and no changes in amylase and lipase were found. However, their study was conducted at up to 10 days of age, which represents a period with strong intestinal tract development and enzymatic adaptations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Expander Conditioning Prior to Pelleting on Pellet Quality, Broiler Digestibility and Performance at Constant Amino Acids Composition while Decreasing AMEN

Ebbing

Yacoubi

Naranjo³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Physical pellet quality and AMEN concentration are strongly related to each other in broiler feeding. A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dietary AMEN concentration and feed processing on pellet quality, nutrient digestibility, broiler performance, serum markers, and yield of commercial cuts. Six diets were formulated. The first diet had the recommended AMEN concentration, each further diet was calculated with 40 kcal/kg less, from 0 to −200 kcal/kg, resulting in six levels for each feed phase: starter (1–14 d), grower (15–28 d), and finisher (29–35 d). These diets were processed with and without expander conditioning prior to pelleting, using an average corn particle size of 1.6 mm, ground with a roller mill. A total of 1008 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were placed in a 6 × 2 (6 energy levels and 2 conditionings) factorial trial with six boxes as replications, with three in each broiler performance trial period. Excreta were collected 2 days before the end of each feed phase for apparent total tract digestibility measurement. On day 36, four broilers from each replication (pen) were weighed and then euthanized for blood collection, following which the gastrointestinal organs were weighed, and the ileal and gizzard contents were collected. On day 37, all remaining broilers were slaughtered after fasting to measure commercial cuts and abdominal fat. The results show that the pellet durability index (PDI) was most affected by energy reducing and expander conditioning prior to pelleting, and it was better when diets had energy reduced by 40 to 200 kcal/kg (p > 0.001), as when expander conditioning was used. Digestibility of nutrients was slightly affected by treatments, as was the broiler performance; however, feed efficiency was improved in broiler-fed diets without AMEN reduction and when an expander was used, with p = 0.050 and p = 0.031, respectively. No effects were observed on the weight of gastrointestinal tract organs and serum markers, except for liver (p = 0.037) and α-amylase (p = 0.047). The lowest liver weight and lowest serum protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, gamma-glutamyl, and lipase concentrations were obtained when diets were formulated without energy reduction (Ross-0). There was no effect on commercial cuts relative to live weight at slaughter. The energy reduction was well reflected in the proportion of abdominal fat, which decreased when AMEN was reduced (p = 0.001). The present study shows it is possible to use diets with up to 200 kcal/kg reduction in AMEN without losses in performance, and the use of expander conditioning prior to pelleting promotes higher pellet quality and broiler feed efficiency.

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Nutrient density of prestarter diets from 1 to 10 days of age affects intestinal morphometry, enzyme activity, serum indices and performance of broiler chickens

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens

Effect of age on the relationship between metabolizable energy and digestible energy for broiler chickens

Early Nutrition with Different Diets Composition versus Fasting on Immunity-Related Gene Expression and Histomorphology of Digestive and Lymphoid Organs of Layer-Type Chicks

Influence of Expander Conditioning Prior to Pelleting on Pellet Quality, Broiler Digestibility and Performance at Constant Amino Acids Composition while Decreasing AMEN

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