Nutrient foramina in the shafts of lower limb long bones: Situation and number

Abstract

The location and number of the diaphysial dominant nutrient foramina in 305 specimens of the human lower limb long bones were examined. The diaphysial nutrient foramina on the femur were located at between 26.7-84.4% of the total length; while on the tibia between 11.0-67.2%; and on the fibula between 29.8-67.8% of the total length. The number of the diaphysial nutrient foramina and their distribution on the faces of each bone was also studied.

A study of diaphyseal nutrient foramina in human femur

“…3,4,[6][7][8] Although the majority of femora studied have been observed to have one or two nutrient foramina, there are reports of individual femora having as many as six or nine nutrient foramina and the maximum was 4 in the present study. 4,10 The observation of the present study that the majority (49.4%) of femora have 2 nutrient foramina is similar to Mysorekar, Nagel, Bridgeman and Brookes and Kirschner et al 5 as all reported the majority of femora to have two nutrient foramina.…”

“…2, [5][6][7][8][9][10] In this study we examine in detail the diaphyseal nutrient foramina in 312 femur, of which 154 were of right and 158 were of left side femur, which is the largest sample size reported and we also study a new parameter -the caliber of the nutrient foramina.…”

Morphometric Study of Nutrient Foramen in the Long Bones of Lower Limb

“…Forriol Campos et al [12] has reported 60% occurrence of double nutrient foramina in Spanish population. Sendemir and Cimen [13] in Turkish population have recorded 46% occurrence of double nutrient foramina. In the present study, it was 30% (Table 1).…”

“…The mean femur length of black South African population was 44.34cm and white South African population was 44.96cm [14]. Sendemir and Cimen [13], have reported a mean length of 44.3cm in Turkish population, Kizilkanat et al [10] have reported the length to be 42.6cm in Turkish population and Kirschner et al [15] have reported a mean femoral length of 40.8cm in Germans. Abledu JK et al [16] have reported the length of femur to be 44.97 + 2.34cm.…”

A Study of the Nutrient Foramina in the Shaft of the Fibula

“…Most of the foramina were reported to be in the middle third of the bone by some authors (Forriol, 1987;Gfimi4burun, 1994;McKee, 1984;Mysorekar, 1967;Restrepo, 1980), in the middle two fourths by Taylor (1975) (1979), in the third sixth by Sendemir (1991) and in the upper third by Fen (1981). We determined that the 98.0% of the foramen were in the middle third.…”