Nutrient Limiting Factors in an Oligotrophic South Carolina Pond

Polisini, J. M.; Boyd, Claude E.; Didgeon, Bonny

doi:10.2307/3543693

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The physical-chemical characteristics of Dick's Pond are typical of many natural and man-made bodies of water in the area: it has a low pH (about 6) and total alkalinity (1.65 mg/liter). Such waters generally have a low primary productivity; e.g., Polisini et al (1970) found gross primary productivity in a similar pond to vary from 0.06 mg 0 2 /liter ·day in the winter to 1.14 in the summer. Oxygen con-centrations varied from 9 mg/liter in the winter to 2 mg/liter near the bottom during the summer.…”

Section: Aquatic Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Dynamics and Life Histories of Coexisting Dragonfly Populations

Benke¹,

Benke²

1975

Ecology

111

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Several species of coexisting dragonfly larvae were studied for four consecutive years in a 1—ha old farm pond. Larval development, emergence patterns, and adult flight patterns showed that the most abundant species were univoltine and developed relatively synchronously (i.e., like a cohort). Three of the common species emerged in early spring, and the others emerged later in the summer. The common genera with the most similar microhabitat had a distinct temporal separation that may serve in reducing interspecific competition. However, coexisting congeneric species had almost identical life histories, supporting the hypothesis that ecological homologues can coexist because of "errors of exploitation" of the dominant species. The larval population dynamics of each dominant species (Ladona deplanata, Epitheca spp., and Celithemis fasciata) was characterized by a constant percentage numerical decline, coupled with a dramatic biomass increase from time of hatching to final instar. Larval mortality during this period averaged 92% per annum, but population biomass increased at least tenfold during the same period for each species. Comparison of larval estimates with emergence data revealed that at least 80% of the final instars die just before leaving the water to emerge. Life history variations among species smoothed out composite density and biomass trends which averaged about 1,000 individuals/m2 and 2 g dry wt/m2, respectively. In general, population dynamics from year to year were quite consistent, indicating a relatively high degree of stability in terms of species composition and densities.

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Section: Aquatic Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Dynamics and Life Histories of Coexisting Dragonfly Populations

Benke¹,

Benke²

1975

Ecology

111

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“…This work adds to this body of knowledge by showing how simplistic models can be used to forecast extinction in relatively simple systems, and provides a basis for theoretical exploration of these problems in more complex systems. Whilst the closed system we present here may appear unrealistic, in reality resource availability in a habitat can be very low, particularly in declining ‘sink’ populations, with an insignificant flux of resources (Polisini et al 1970). In such scenarios where the influx of nutrients is much lower than that required to sustain a viable population, extinction will occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…there is no immigration or emigration, and/or no inflow or outflow of resources (Godoy and Costa 2005, Drake and Griffen 2010). Whilst such closed systems may appear unrealistic, naturally occurring populations range from being quite closed to very open (Polisini et al 1970, Hanski and Singer 2001, Mora and Sale 2002), and indeed it is often the scale of study that determines how open or closed a system is (Camus and de Ciencias 2002). Experiments with closed systems are obviously relevant for more closed populations, such as those on isolated islands, isolated habitat patches, or isolated lakes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of directional environmental change on extinction dynamics in experimental microbial communities are predicted by a simple model

Clements

Collen

Blackburn

et al. 2013

Oikos

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Global temperatures are expected to rise between 1.1 and 6.4°C over the next 100 years, although the exact rate will depend on future greenhouse emissions, and will vary spatially. Temperature can alter an individual's metabolic rate, and consequently birth and death rates. In declining populations, these alterations may manifest as changes in the rate of that population's decline, and subsequently the timing of extinction events. Predicting such events could therefore be of considerable use. We use a small-scale experimental system to investigate how the rate of temperature change can alter a population's time to extinction, and whether it is possible to predict this event using a simple phenomenological model that incorporates information about population dynamics at a constant temperature, published scaling of metabolic rates, and temperature. In addition, we examine 1) the relative importance of the direct effects of temperature on metabolic rate, and the indirect effects (via temperature driven changes in body size), on predictive accuracy (defined as the proximity of the predicted date of extinction to the mean observed date of extinction), 2) the combinations of model parameters that maximise accuracy of predictions, and 3) whether substituting temperature change through time with mean temperature produces accurate predictions. We find that extinction occurs earlier in environments that warm faster, and this can be accurately predicted (R 2  0.84). Increasing the number of parameters that were temperature-dependent increased the model's accuracy, as did scaling these temperature-dependent parameters with either the direct effects of temperature alone, or with the direct and indirect effects. Using mean temperature through time instead of actual temperature produces less accurate predictions of extinction. These results suggest that simple phenomenological models, incorporating metabolic theory, may be useful in understanding how environmental change can alter a population's rate of extinction. Synthesis

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“…They also reported that cut up leaves released three times much soluble phosphorus as intact leaves. Polisini et al (1970) reported addition of 0-13 pounds of phosphorus from leaf falls and Dillon (1974) estimated 0.3-79% of the annual phosphorus budget of 11 lakes in south Ontario was from dry fall and direct precipitation. Phosphorus values determined in leaves of trees in the vicinity of the experimental ponds are higher than values reported in the literature, so there is a chance they contributed to pond phosphorus concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of high phosphate fertilization rate on pond phosphate concentrations, chlorophyll a, and fish growth in carp polyculture

Tabinda

Ayub²

2009

Aquacult Int

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The effect of different application rates of triple superphosphate (22.4, 44.8, and 67.2 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) was observed on total and available phosphorus concentrations in pond soil, total and filterable orthophosphate concentrations in pond water, chlorophyll a, and fish growth in a carp polyculture system during summer (22-32°C) months to determine the economical dose of P 2 O 5 . pH, hardness, calcium and alkalinity of soil and water did not differ significantly among treatments (P [ 0.05) and were within the desired ranges. Average total phosphorus concentrations in pond soil were not significantly different between treatments but available phosphorus (P [ 0.05) in pond soil, total phosphorus (P [ 0.001), and filterable orthophosphate (P [ 0.0001) concentrations in pond water, chlorophyll a (P [ 0.0001), and net fish production (P [ 0.01) were significantly higher in fertilized ponds than in controls. Overall, fish yield did not significantly differ among treatments, suggesting that a very high dose of P 2 O 5 may not be necessary for high yields. Reducing the dose of P 2 O 5 could reduce cost without reducing fish production.

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Nutrient Limiting Factors in an Oligotrophic South Carolina Pond

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Comparative Dynamics and Life Histories of Coexisting Dragonfly Populations

Comparative Dynamics and Life Histories of Coexisting Dragonfly Populations

Effects of directional environmental change on extinction dynamics in experimental microbial communities are predicted by a simple model

Effect of high phosphate fertilization rate on pond phosphate concentrations, chlorophyll a, and fish growth in carp polyculture

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