Nutrient regulation of development and cell fate decisions

Abstract

Diet contributes to health at all stages of life, from embryonic development to old age. Nutrients, including vitamins, amino acids, lipids and sugars, have instructive roles in directing cell fate and function, maintaining stem cell populations, tissue homeostasis and alleviating the consequences of aging. This Review highlights recent findings that illuminate how common diets and specific nutrients impact cell fate decisions in healthy and disease contexts. We also draw attention to new models, technologies and resources that help to address outstanding questions in this emerging field and may lead to dietary approaches that promote healthy development and improve disease treatments.

Intestinal stem cells: guardians of homeostasis in health and aging amid environmental challenges

“…Dietary patterns and nutritional components are among the most influential environmental factors that affect mucosal homeostasis. A diet rich in processed foods, high in sugars and unhealthy fats, and low in fiber has been linked to inflammation, altered gut microbiota composition, and compromised barrier function 50 . Conversely, fiber-rich diets with ample antioxidants and essential nutrients support a healthy gastrointestinal tract by promoting microbial diversity, enhancing immune function, and facilitating proper digestion and absorption 51 .…”