Nutrient values and bioactivities of the extracts from three fern species in China: a comparative assessment

Abstract

Pteridium aquilinum, Osmunda cinnamomea Linn, and Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching are three fern species widely consumed as potherbs and traditional medicinal herbs in China. Nevertheless, no detailed comparative assessments of their nutrient values and bioactivities have been reported. In this paper, we examined the nutrient content of these ferns and the bioactivities of their extracts with a comparative method. The results indicated that they were nutrient dense for proteins, carbohydrates, fat and minerals. Compared with Pteridium aquilinum and Osmunda cinnamomea Linn, the extract from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching was found to possess the strongest antioxidant activity, protective effects on biomolecules, cellular antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative effects owing to its highest total phenolic (476.52 ± 11.26 mg GAE per g extract) and total flavonoid (924.81 ± 4.25 mg RNE per g extract) contents. Further, Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching can lead to caspase-3 activation, poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction and inhibition of wound-healing in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate the remarkable potential of Pteridium aquilinum, Osmunda cinnamomea Linn, and Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching as valuable sources of nutrients and natural antioxidants, and among which Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching has potential anticancer properties.

Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching extract induce apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

“…Previous studies demonstrated that AMC could substantially suppress mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) 10 . As the early stage of intrinsic apoptosis, loss of MMP could induce cytochrome c releasing into cytosol from mitochondria membrane and activating caspase cascade and PARP cleavage.…”

“…AMC extracts possessed a strong antioxidant activity, protective effects on biomolecules, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and anti-proliferative effects owing to its highest total phenolic (476.52 ± 11.26 mg GAE per gram extract) and total flavonoid (924.81 ± 4.25 mg RNE per gram extract) contents. Furthermore, AMC extracts exhibited a promising effect on the inhibition of cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis in HepG2 cancer cells 10 . However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of AMC-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells remain elusive.…”

(‐)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HepG2 Cells: Involvement of Bmal1

“…After treatment, cells were stained with JC‐1 of l0 μg /mL for 30 min at 37 °C in the dark. Then cells were washed with PBS twice and measured by a microplate reader (Molecular Devices Co., Sunnyvale, CA) with settings of FL1 (green) at 538 nm and FL2 (red) at 585 nm …”

Bioactive compounds andin vitroantioxidant activities of peel, flesh and seed powder of kiwi fruit

“…The results were reported as the mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW). Total flavonoid (TF) content was determined using the slightly modified method (Qi et al, 2015). The total flavonoid concentration was calculated from a calibration curve using rutin as the standard (0-400 mg L À1 ).…”