Nutrigenetics of the lipoprotein metabolism

Abstract

It is well known that lipid metabolism is a cornerstone in the development of the commonest important chronic diseases worldwide, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, or metabolic syndrome. In this regard, the area of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism is one of the areas in which the understanding of the development and progression of those metabolic disorders has been studied in greater depth. Thus, growing evidence has demonstrated that while universal recommendations might be appropriate for the general population, in this area there is great variability among individuals, related to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Moreover, the interaction between genetic and dietary components has helped in understanding this variability. Therefore, with further study into the interaction between the most important genetic markers or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and diet, it may be possible to understand the variability in lipid metabolism, which could lead to an increase in the use of personalized nutrition as the best support to combat metabolic disorders. This review discusses some of the evidence in which candidate SNPs can affect the key players of lipid metabolism and how their phenotypic manifestations can be modified by dietary intake.

Western Dietary Pattern Interaction with APOC3 Polymorphism in the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

“…Food groups contributing to dietary patterns are not consistent across populations, which may yield discrepant results in dietary pattern studies among different populations [12]. The gene-diet interaction has helped to shed more light on an understanding of this variability, an area that has been poorly explored [6,13]. Baylin et al [14] reported that Samoans adhering to modern dietary patterns have high TG levels if they are homozygous for the rs9308762 C allele.…”

Brazilian Society for Food and Nutrition position statement: nutrigenetic tests

“…The results showed that because ε4 allele carriers present higher levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C, they are more likely to develop CVD compared to carriers of other alleles [25]. In a study with Brazilian individuals, it was found that the risk of dyslipidemia was three times greater in subjects carrying ε4 allele when compared to ε2 carriers [26].…”

“…It is estimated that 60% of the differences observed in serum cholesterol levels between different individuals are related to genetic determinants, including SNPs in genes of enzymes, transporters, and apolipoproteins. It is important to highlight that 14% of those differences are defined by the SNPs APOE rs429358 and rs7412 [24,25]. The SNPs APOE rs429358 + rs7412 results from two variations in exon 4 of the gene, which cause changes that are differentiated by the cysteine and arginine content at codons 112 and 158, respectively.…”

Nutrigenetics and Metabolic Disease: Current Status and Implications for Personalised Nutrition

“…It is generally accepted that the impact of dietary fat on postprandial lipoprotein response differs between individuals, and genetic factors are thought to be one of the key determinants of such inter-individual variability. Nutrigenetics of postprandial lipid metabolism including evidence from human dietary interventions has recently been reviewed [122,123]. …”