Nutrition

Lewis, Sherry M.; Ullrey, D. E.; Barnard, Dennis E.; Knapka, Joseph J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012074903-4/50012-1

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 831 publications

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“…Thus, over the three weeks, the chow choice rats consumed an average of about ~1.5 g/d of protein whereas the chow fed controls ate ~3.6 g/d. Adult rats that are on a weight maintenance diet need about 7% of energy to come from natural (non purified) protein [27]. Since the chow choice animals consumed chow that provided ~24% of energy from protein, they ate approximately 39% more protein than is needed for a weight maintenance diet suggesting they were not protein deficient.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of chow and purified diet on the consumption of sucrose solution and lard and the development of obesity

Apolzan

Harris

2012

Physiology & Behavior

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Obesity has been associated with increased consumption of sweetened beverages and a high-fat diet. We determined whether the composition of the dry pellet offered with liquid sucrose (LS) and lard influenced the development of obesity. We hypothesized that animals offered LS or LS and lard (choice), in addition to chow or purified low fat diet pellet (LFD; 10% fat), would gain more body fat than controls. We compared the effects of LFD vs. chow on voluntary consumption of LS and lard, serum triglyceride (TG), glucose, and body fat over 21 days. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n=10/group) were offered chow, chow+LS, chow choice, LFD, LFD+LS, LFD choice or solid high-sucrose diet (70% sucrose). Energy intakes of rats fed chow, LFD, and high-sucrose diets were similar. Energy intake was increased by 16% in chow+LS, 15% in LFD+LS, 11% in LFD choice, and 23% in chow choice rats. Chow choice rats consumed 142% more lard than LFD choice rats. Fasting glucose increased in all choice rats compared with the chow and high-sucrose diet rats. Fasting TG increased in LFD choice rats and were ~75% higher than those of chow, LFD, or high-sucrose rats. Chow choice had higher carcass fat than chow, chow+LS, and LFD groups however LFD choice was not different from their controls. Another experiment confirmed rats consumed 158% more lard when given chow choice compared to LFD choice. The diet offered to rats with free access to LS and lard influenced the development of obesity, sucrose and lard selection, and TG.

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Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of chow and purified diet on the consumption of sucrose solution and lard and the development of obesity

Apolzan

Harris

2012

Physiology & Behavior

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“… Estimated based on value of 10 to 12 ml of water consumed per 100 g body weight per day for adult rats (Lewis et al, ).…”

Section: Quininementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Embryotoxicity Studies of Key Non‐Artemisinin Antimalarials and Use in Women in the First Trimester

Clark

2017

Birth Defects Research

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The World Health Organization currently recommends quinine1clindamycin for use against malaria in the first trimester. This may soon change to recommending artemisinin-based combination therapies (standard duration of dosing 5 3 days). The non-artemisinin partner drugs include amodiaquine, lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine, sulfadoxine1pyrimethamine, and pyronaridine. For quinine, clindamycin, and mefloquine and the combinations of sulfadoxine1pyrimethamine and artemether1lumefantrine, there are reports (including studies without internal comparison groups) that combined describe 304 to >1100 exposures of women in the first trimester for each drug with no conclusive evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy at therapeutic doses. This is despite the fact that all of these drugs or drug combinations caused embryo deaths and/or malformations in at least one animal species and all except lumefantrine had at least one exposure ratio <1. It now seems that these animal studies overestimated the risk of developmental toxicity in women with malaria. Three other non-artemisinins (amodiaquine, piperaquine, and pyronaridine) have few or no reported exposures in women in the first trimester and have exposure ratios 2 based on studies in pregnant rats and rabbits with dosing throughout organogenesis. However, none of these drugs caused embryo deaths or malformations in pregnant rats and rabbits with the exception of pyronaridine, which caused embryo deaths only at a dose that was excessively toxic to the mothers. Thus, for amodiaquine, piperaquine, and pyronaridine, the testing in animals did not reveal findings of concern and the exposure ratios were in the range of the other non-artemisinin antimalarials described above.

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“…The most plausible explanation for the lack of such an effect in the current study is the fact that no information was available about the degree of feed restriction in the included pet rats. In laboratory rats on restricted feeding, the amount of feed is mostly markedly restricted (typically a restriction of 40% less than the ad libitum feed intake). Presumably, the level of dietary restriction in pet rats is much lower and moreover, there will probably be considerable differences between owners regarding this degree of feed restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference intervals for biochemical blood variables, packed cell volume, and body temperature in pet rats (Rattus norvegicus) using point‐of‐care testing

Houtmeyers

Duchateau

Grünewald³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Reference intervals were established using values of 123 clinically healthy pet rats (except for globulins and albumin/globulin ratio, n = 120) and were: glucose 6.6-13.7 mmol/L, total proteins 66-88 g/L, albumin ≥ 38 g/L, globulins 12-35 g/L, albumin/globulin ratio 1.0-4.7, urea nitrogen 2.5-6.6 mmol/L, creatinine ≤ 53 μmol/L, total bilirubin 4-7 μmol/L, ALP 40-442 IU/L, ALT 22-137 IU/L, amylase 502-1113 IU/L, sodium 133-144 mmol/L, potassium 3.6-5.3 mmol/L, calcium 9.5-10.9 mg/dL, phosphorus 2.3-7.0 mg/dL, PCV 40-50%, and body temperature 35.8-39.3°C. Sex significantly affected 10 variables. No significant influence was found with feed limitation CONCLUSIONS: Reference intervals reported in this study will be useful for interpretation of biochemistry analysis in pet rats and therefore improve pet rat medicine.

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Nutrition

Cited by 12 publications

References 831 publications

Differential effects of chow and purified diet on the consumption of sucrose solution and lard and the development of obesity

Differential effects of chow and purified diet on the consumption of sucrose solution and lard and the development of obesity

Animal Embryotoxicity Studies of Key Non‐Artemisinin Antimalarials and Use in Women in the First Trimester

Reference intervals for biochemical blood variables, packed cell volume, and body temperature in pet rats (Rattus norvegicus) using point‐of‐care testing

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