Nutrition and disease-related entropy generation in cancer

Öngel, Melek Ece; Yıldız, Cennet; Yılmaz, Bayram; Özilgen, Mustafa

doi:10.1504/ijex.2021.114091

Cited by 7 publications

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“…When an infection takes control of the metabolism, the disease scavenges the healthy tissues to afford energy and material to invade the body. 4 , 5 Distortion and exploiting of the energy management is observed also in many other health problems, including cancer 6 and heart failure. 7 Popovic and Minerva 3 made considerable contribution to our knowledge of the thermodynamic aspects of the virus and the host cell interaction during the development of the infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much energy is stored in SARS‐CoV‐2 and its structural elements?

2021

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the virus causing the COVID‐19 disease. Data regarding the morphological properties of this virus are collected from the literature and then the energy stored in each structural element is calculated with Domalski and Hearing's group contribution method. Viruses, including the Corona viruses, derive all of their energy from the host cell and carry out all of their activities with this energy. SARS‐CoV‐2 construct a vehicle needed for the delivery of its mRNA to other hosts to inflict them with the disease. Upon transfer of the viral RNA to the new host, the remaining parts of the viral structure are discarded. Structural and molecular assessments showed that the chemical formula of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is C 7,336,852 H 12,384,463 N 1,247,424 O 1,915,357 P 100,231 S 25,084 and its enthalpy of formation is −8.70 × 10 −16 kJ. Comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 with the other viruses shows that its elemental composition does not like any of the others. The results of this study are expected to improve our knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of this virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much energy is stored in SARS‐CoV‐2 and its structural elements?

2021

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“…A growing body of evidence indicates that assessing thermodynamic properties can determine living organisms’ disorder levels and lifespan [ 29 , 33 , 34 ]. The changes in thermodynamic properties with age draw attention to the need to establish effective strategies to support brain energy supply during ageing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis to Evaluate the Effect of Diet on Brain Glucose Metabolism: The Case of Fish Oil

Yildiz,

Medina

2024

Nutrients

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Inefficient glucose metabolism and decreased ATP production in the brain are linked to ageing, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). This study employed thermodynamic analysis to assess the effect of fish oil supplementation on glucose metabolism in ageing brains. Data from previous studies on glucose metabolism in the aged human brain and grey mouse lemur brains were examined. The results demonstrated that Omega-3 fish oil supplementation in grey mouse lemurs increased entropy generation and decreased Gibbs free energy across all brain regions. Specifically, there was a 47.4% increase in entropy generation and a 47.4 decrease in Gibbs free energy in the whole brain, indicating improved metabolic efficiency. In the human model, looking at the specific brain regions, supplementation with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) reduced the entropy generation difference between elderly and young individuals in the cerebellum and particular parts of the brain cortex, namely the anterior cingulate and occipital lobe, with 100%, 14.29%, and 20% reductions, respectively. The Gibbs free energy difference was reduced only in the anterior cingulate by 60.64%. This research underscores that the application of thermodynamics is a comparable and powerful tool in comprehending the dynamics and metabolic intricacies within the brain.

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Energy storage and reuse in biological systems: Case studies

2021

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The consequences of energy storage in the body as fat and then reusing it in the metabolism are assessed for seven cases by referring to entropy generation as the criterion for assessment: Case 1: Glycogen and lipids are stored by a person by dieting and then reused. Case 2: Glucose is converted into fat and then reconverted it into glucose spontaneously. Case 3: 2400 kcal of high-fat diet induced fatty liver disease and then a low-fat diet is consumed to recover. Case 4: Intermittent fasting by skipping a meal up to 30 days/year. Case 5: Salmon store fat in its body and reuse it later during its journey back to its spawning place. Case 6: Entropic assessment of the female arctic squirrels in hibernation is done. Case 7: Mean exergy cost of active field metabolism of homeothermic/ endothermic birds and mammals is compared. Assessments show that energy storage and its reuse generated negligible aging entropy in humans, intermittent caloric restriction via skipping a meal for 30 days in a year may extend the life span approximately 3%. Migrant or hibernating animals store energy and then reuse it with absolutely different purposes than the humans and generate most of their life span entropy.

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Nutrition and disease-related entropy generation in cancer

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

How much energy is stored in SARS‐CoV‐2 and its structural elements?

How much energy is stored in SARS‐CoV‐2 and its structural elements?

Thermodynamic Analysis to Evaluate the Effect of Diet on Brain Glucose Metabolism: The Case of Fish Oil

Energy storage and reuse in biological systems: Case studies

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