Nutrition and diseases of women: cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract

Studies of prevention, diagnosis, and intervention for coronary heart disease and hypertension have either been conducted largely in men, or gender differences have not always been fully sought. This has added to a general perception that coronary artery disease is basically a male affliction despite the fact that coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death among women, especially elderly women. Many risk factors among women are similar to men, i.e., high blood pressure (BP), elevated serum cholesterol levels, and cigarette smoking; however, women compared to men have greater incidence of diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and hypertension as they become older. The risk of cardiovascular disorders can be reduced by postmenopausal estrogen replacement, exercising sufficiently, and ceasing smoking. In addition, good nutrition, taking into consideration the proper amount and forms of calories, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and macronutrients to maintain an ideal lipid profile and BP, is helpful in preventing cardiovascular perturbations.

Identification of Women's Coronary Heart Disease and Risk Factors Prior to First Myocardial Infarction

“…[2][3][4]7, New programs, such as the Red Dress and the Heart Truth Campaigns, have been initiated to increase awareness of heart disease in women, 32 yet CHD is still often considered primarily a man's disease. 10,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Secondary prevention (prevention of events in people with known CHD) is more likely than primary prevention of CHD to show short-term benefit in reducing CHD morbidity and mortality [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] and may have a greater potential for successful implementation than primary CHD prevention. [41][42][43]47,48 Conversely, waiting for a coronary event to occur to initiate prevention (tertiary prevention or prevention of further morbidity and mortality after a CHD event) may result in numerous missed opportunities to prescribe and encourage treatment for risk factors to reduce both morbidity and mortality from CHD events, especially in younger women.…”

The Effect of Makgeolli on Blood Flow, Serum Lipid Improvement and Inhibition of ACE in vitro

“…폐경과 심혈 관계 질환의 관계에 있어서는 폐경이나 난소 절제 시 에스트 로겐이 감소됨과 동시에 high density lipoprotein choleserol (HDL-cholesterol) 및 apolipoprotein A-1이 감소되고 low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol)이 증가하여 심혈관계 질환의 발병 위험률이 증가한다고 알려져 있다 [4,18]. 그러므로 여성의 생식기계 질환을 치료할 목적으로 시 행되고 있는 난소절제술은 에스트로겐의 생성을 저하시킴으 로써 인위적인 폐경을 유도하여 이로 인한 심혈관계 질환 발 생을 연구하는 방법으로 널리 이용되고 있다 [27]. 생체 내의 혈액은 응고와 용해작용이 항상 평형을 이루고 있어 정상적인 상태에서는 출혈이나 혈전 등에 의해 흐름이 방해 받지 않는 다.…”

heart‐healthy eating

“…In fact, low dietary calcium has been associated with a greater risk of hypertension. The RDA for calcium is 800 to 1,200 mg/day (Preuss, 1993). In 1994, however, the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference on Osteoporosis further refined recommendations in the following ways (American Dietetic Association, 1996):…”

“…Women who have a myocardial infarction have a 39 percent mortality rate, as compared to a rate of 31 percent in men. Black women fare worse than their white counterparts (Preuss, 1993).…”