Nutrition as a Risk Factor of Child Leprosy in Gresik District 2019

Abstract

Background: Indonesia's annual increase in leprosy is a serious health problem. In east Java, child leprosy cases spread in several counties/cities, the number of new cases of child leprosy cases has been raised in Gresik District from 2015 until 2019. Purpose: This study analyzed characteristics, BCG vaccine status, nutritional status and home environment, the correlated risk factors to child leprosy in Gresik District. Methods: This study used a design population-based matched case-control design and analysis data using computer computing. The variables for this research were characteristics (age, sex, and education) and BCG vaccine status (BCG scar and without BCG scar), nutritional status classified as Body Mass Index (BMI)(normal and thin) and protein (albumin and Hb serum), and home environment (wall, ceiling, floor, humidity, ventilation, and density of occupancy). It was conducted in October 2019-February 2020 using a questionnaire, observation and measurements. The total sample was 36 respondents, of which the number of the case was 18, and the control was 18. Data were analyzed using the Logistic Regression method entered with a 95% CI and an OR. Results: Home environment had not correlated to leprosy cases of children. The completeness of BCG vaccine status correlated to children's leprosy cases (p=0.02). BMI had correlated to leprosy cases of children (p=0.01). The most influential variable was the completeness protein of albumin serum (Odds Ratio (OR) =9.10; 95%CI=1.11-41.44; p=0.01). Conclusion: The most dominant risk factor correlated with the incidence of leprosy is the serum albumin level.

Relationship Between BCG Vaccination History and the Incidence of Leprosy in Children: A Literature Review

“…Similar to three studies conducted in Gresik, Indonesia, which found a relationship between the history of receiving the BCG vaccine and the incidence of leprosy in children (13)(14)(15). Prior BCG vaccination is shown to be a strong predictor, which means that the children who did not undergo BCG immunization have an OR exp (B) of 22,164 times to contract leprosy (14).…”

“…Prior BCG vaccination is shown to be a strong predictor, which means that the children who did not undergo BCG immunization have an OR exp (B) of 22,164 times to contract leprosy (14). A study explains that access to health services is still an obstacle to administering the BCG vaccine (13), in line with research that mentions leprosy transmission factors in children can be seen from the coverage of the BCG vaccine program that is imperfect (16). The study conducted found a statistical relationship, but in the study 26 people who had leprosy and had a history of BCG vaccination, more than respondents who did not have a history of BCG vaccination but had leprosy.…”

Risk Factors of Leprosy in Daha Husada General Hospital, Kediri City

“…Leprosy is a type of chronic disease, namely a disease with a long latency period. This long latency period makes the prevalence of leprosy at a young age tend to be small (15). Leprosy has an incubation period of 2-5 years from when a person becomes infected.…”