The diptheria cases raised up in Bangkalan District in 2015, as many as 19 case with CFR 15,79% spread in 13 subdistricts/villages. This study was to analyze the risk factors the corelated factors to dipheria cases of children with case control design and analyses data using computer computing. It condusted in July-December 2016 by using questionnaire, interviews, observation, and measurement. Total sample was 48 respondents which number of case 8 respondents and number of control 40 respondents. Variabel in this study werecharacteristic (age, sex, level of education), the completeness of immunization DPT, and the condition of the physical environment of the house. Characteristic (level of education), the completeness of immunization DPT, and the condition of the physical environment of the house had corelated to diptheria cases. The most influential variable was the completeness of immunization DPT (p value = 0,037; OR = 4,667). Health workers in particular in collaboration with the village midwife cadres need to increase it’s role as educator and conselor in providing information in the form of outreach to the community related to the risk of transmission of diphtheria and immunization basics awarding benefits to the entire Neighborhood/village at Posyandu activities until it reaches the target UCI.Keywords: risk factors, diphtheria cases, Bangkalan sub district Health Centers

Background: Indonesia's annual increase in leprosy is a serious health problem. In east Java, child leprosy cases spread in several counties/cities, the number of new cases of child leprosy cases has been raised in Gresik District from 2015 until 2019. Purpose: This study analyzed characteristics, BCG vaccine status, nutritional status and home environment, the correlated risk factors to child leprosy in Gresik District. Methods: This study used a design population-based matched case-control design and analysis data using computer computing. The variables for this research were characteristics (age, sex, and education) and BCG vaccine status (BCG scar and without BCG scar), nutritional status classified as Body Mass Index (BMI)(normal and thin) and protein (albumin and Hb serum), and home environment (wall, ceiling, floor, humidity, ventilation, and density of occupancy). It was conducted in October 2019-February 2020 using a questionnaire, observation and measurements. The total sample was 36 respondents, of which the number of the case was 18, and the control was 18. Data were analyzed using the Logistic Regression method entered with a 95% CI and an OR. Results: Home environment had not correlated to leprosy cases of children. The completeness of BCG vaccine status correlated to children's leprosy cases (p=0.02). BMI had correlated to leprosy cases of children (p=0.01). The most influential variable was the completeness protein of albumin serum (Odds Ratio (OR) =9.10; 95%CI=1.11-41.44; p=0.01). Conclusion: The most dominant risk factor correlated with the incidence of leprosy is the serum albumin level.

ABSTRAKKasus difteri meningkat setiap tahunnya di Bangkalan Tahun 2015 sebanyak 19 kasus dengan nilai CFR 15,79% yang tersebar di 13 Kelurahan/Desa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kasus difteri anak di Puskesmas Bangkalan dengan desain case control dan analisa data menggunakan komputasi komputer. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2016 dengan menggunakan panduan kuesioner, wawancara, observasi, dan pengukuran. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 48 responden dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 8 dan jumlah kontrol sebanyak 40. Variabel yang diteliti adalah karakteristik (umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan), status imunisasi DPT, dan kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah. Hasil penelitian tentang analisis karakteristik (tingkat pendidikan), status imunisasi DPT berhubungan dengan tingginya kasus difteri anak. Dan variabel yang paling dominan adalah satus imunisasi DPT dengan nilai (p value = 0,0037; OR = 4,667). Disarankan petugas kesehatan khususnya bidan desa bekerjasama dengan kader perlu meningkatkan perannya sebagai educator dan conselor dalam memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat berupa penyuluhan kepada masyarakat berhubungan risiko penularan difteri serta manfaat pemberian imunisasi dasar ke seluruh Kelurahan/Desa pada kegiatan Posyandu hingga mencapai target UCI.Kata Kunci : faktor risiko, kasus difteri, Puskesmas Bangkalan ABSTRACTThe diptheria cases raised up in Bangkalan District in 2015, as many as 19 case with CFR 15,79% spread in 13 subdistricts/villages. This study was to analyze the risk factors the corelated factors to dipheria cases of children with case control design and analyses data using computer computing. It condusted in July-December 2016 by using questionnaire, interviews, observation, and measurement. Total sample was 48 respondents which number of case 8 respondents and number of control 40 respondents. Variabel in this study were characteristic (age, sex, level of education), the completeness of immunization DPT, and the condition of the physical environment of the house. Characteristic (level of education), the completeness of immunization DPT, and the condition of the physical environment of the house had corelated to diptheria cases. The most influential variable was the completeness of immunization DPT (p value = 0,037; OR = 4,667). Health workers in particular in collaboration with the village midwife cadres need to increase it's role as educator and conselor in providing information in the form of outreach to the community related to the risk of transmission of diphtheria and immunization basics awarding benefits to the entire Neighborhood/village at Posyandu activities until it reaches the target UCI. PENDAHULUANDifteri pada umumnya lebih banyak menyerang pada usia anak 5-7 tahun. Penyakit infeksi akut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Corynebacterium diphtheria (Kementerian Kesehatan, 2014). Menurut Purwana (2010) bahwa semua glongan umur dapat terinfeksi oleh bakteri Corynebacterium diphtheria, namun 80% kasus terjadi diderita pada anak...