Nutrition, Growth and Morphogenesis of Plant Embryos

Raghavan, V.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1966.tb01536.x

Cited by 57 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 265 publications

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“…58) for the culture in vitro immature embryos of Datura stramonium. The embryos grew well in the presence of CW (van Overbeek et al 1941(van Overbeek et al , 1942 and an effective complex additive was introduced into plant tissue culture (van Overbeek et al 1944;Caplin and Stewart 1948;Steward and Shantz 1955;Pollard et al 1961;Raghavan 1966;Tulecke et al 1961Tulecke et al , 1975Krikorian 1975Krikorian , 1982Krikorian , 1988Krikorian , 1995Steward and Krikorian 1975;Gautheret 1985). Ernest A.…”

Section: Coconut Water and Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology

Yam

Arditti

2009

Plant Biotechnol Rep

114

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Orchid seeds are nearly microscopic in size. Because of that, many fanciful theories were proposed for the origin of orchids. Almost 400 years separate the time when orchid seeds were seen for the first time and the development of a practical asymbiotic method for their germination. The seeds were first observed and drawn during the sixteenth century. Seedlings were first described and illustrated in 1804. The association between orchid and fungi was observed as early as 1824, while the requirement for mycorrhiza for seed germination was established in 1899. An asymbiotic method for orchid seed germination was developed in 1921. After Knudson's media B and C were formulated, orchids growing and hybridization became widespread. Hybrids which early growers may not have even imagined became possible.

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Section: Coconut Water and Cytokininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of orchid propagation: a mirror of the history of biotechnology

Yam

Arditti

2009

Plant Biotechnol Rep

114

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“…Since no comprehensive coverage of the topic is intended here, references to review articles are given to enable the interested reader to access further information on the significant contributions highlighted. Periodic reviews by Rappaport (1954), Sanders and Ziebur (1963), Narayanaswami and Norstog (1964), Raghavan (1966Raghavan ( , 1980Raghavan ( , 1993, and Raghavan and Srivastava (1982), besides cataloging the surges in examples of successfully cultured embryos, have served to convey the refinements in the technique to culture progressively smaller embryos. For someone interested in trying his or her hand at the game, brief technical details and recipes for the media most commonly used to culture embryos of various stages of development of different plants are given in the articles by Sanders and Ziebur (1963), Raghavan (1967Raghavan ( , 1977a, and Williams et al (1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of zygotic embryo culture investigations

Raghavan

2003

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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SummaryIsolation of zygotic embryos from seeds and their culture in a defined medium, initiated by Hannig in 1904, has proved to be a promising method to study the factors that control growth and differentiation of embryos. Using this technique, several investigations have focused on the carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition during germination of cultured seed embryos and on the effects of plant hormones on their morphogenesis. Culture of immature embryos leads to their germination into weak seedlings, skipping the later stages of embryogenesis, by a process known as precocious germination. Progressively smaller embryos have been cultured by supplementation of the medium with coconut milk or hormonal additives or by osmotic adjustment of the medium by high concentrations of sucrose or mannitol. Although methods have not been developed for large-scale isolation and culture of zygotes, zygotes of maize isolated from embryo sacs and those obtained by in vitro fertilization have been grown in culture into full-term embryos. Embryo culture techniques are widely used to rescue embryos from seeds of wide crosses which usually abort and to overcome dormancy of recalcitrant seeds.

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“…Sucrose concentration is important in early stages of zygotic embryo germination as young embryos require a complex medium for growth and maturation [20]. It also helps in maintaining the osmolarity of the medium [21] and also prevents the embryos from entering into elongation state from division state [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%