Nutritional Alterations Associated with Neurological and Neurosurgical Diseases

Dionyssiotis, Yannis; Papachristos, Aris; Petropoulou, Konstantina; Papathanasiou, Jannis; Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J.

doi:10.2174/1874205x01610010032

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This BMI range, however, fails to support the increased prevalence of obesity in people with SCI, considering a total body fat percentage ranging from 23% to as high as 40% in this population ( 15 ). During the initial stage of the injury, there are dramatic metabolic changes in patients with NDS leading to increased adiposity and protein catabolism, including increased energy expenditure and nitrogen excretion, and elevated catabolic, hormonal, and cytokine profiles in blood and tissue levels ( 16 ). Furthermore, another possible explanation highlighting lower values of BMI and potentially of lean body mass in men can be attributed to a higher risk of severe traffic accidents in comparison to women ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic Obesity in Individuals With Neurodisabilities: The SarcObeNDS Study

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPatients with neurodisabilities (NDS) are prone to alterations in body composition. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by increased adipose tissue accompanied by sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SO in patients with NDS, including stroke, spinal cord, and traumatic brain injuries.MethodsThe study Sarcopenic Obesity in NeuroDisabled Subjects (acronym: SarcObeNDS) was a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 32) with a mean age of 60.00 ± 14.22 years old. SO and sarcopenia were assessed through total body fat % (TBF %), fat mass index (fat mass to height2: FMI = FM/h2; kg/m2), and skeletal muscle index (appendicular skeletal muscle to height2: SMI = ASM/h2; kg/m2) via full-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study was registered in the international database ClinicalTrials.gov with the unique identification number NCT03863379.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found in SMI (7.18 ± 0.95 vs. 6.00 ± 1.13 kg/m2, p < 0.001) between controls and patients with NDS. No statistical significance was found for TBF (p = 0.783) and FMI (p = 0.143) between groups. The results remained the same after controlling the results for gender and BMI. A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between BMI and TBF for the total population (r = 0.616, p < 0.001), the control group (r = 0.616, p < 0.001), and patients with NDS (r = 0.728, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn summary, we observed significantly lower BMI and SMI scores in both genders compared to healthy controls. At the clinical level, a timely diagnosis and rapid treatment of sarcopenia and/or obesity in this population may prevent further metabolic repercussions accompanied by higher functional decline and lower quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenic Obesity in Individuals With Neurodisabilities: The SarcObeNDS Study

et al. 2022

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“…This study was not a study of a specific disease population and, similar to other studies [39], included subjects with common symptoms of decreased consciousness admitted to NS ICU. However, NS diseases differ according to type of lesion or injury, life expectancy, residual mobilityfunctionality, and drug treatment and these factors should be considered in future studies [40]. We conducted multivariable analysis of 4 dependent variables and 5 independent variables to determine predictors of poor nutritional status.…”

Section: Acnmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of nutritional characteristics of critically ill patients at admission and discharge from the neurosurgical intensive care unit in Korea: a comparison study

Bae,

Jang,

Kim

et al. 2023

Ann Clin Nutr Metab

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“…For such patients, inadequate intake of nutrients is due to anorexia, early satiety, problems with taste and olfactory senses, inactivity, depression and dysphagia or complications such as aspiration (10). The central nervous system (CNS) regulates food intake and the sense of hunger or satiety, and each region is a part of a complex network in appetite control; hence, it can be expected that in brain injury, a disruption will happen in appetite and food intake control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Correlation of Food Intake and Satiety Related Hormones with the Findings of Brain Computerized Tomography (CT) Scans and Psychological Disorders in Children with Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

Bagheri

Masoudi

Ekramzadeh

2020

Preprint

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Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an impairment with high prevalence amongst the pediatric population. Central nervous system (CNS) regulates food intake and each region of the brain can be responsible for appetite control network. It seems that TBI might affect appetite control system which could result in overeating or reduced food intake. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine, if there is a relationship between daily energy intake and satiety related hormones with computerized tomography scan (CT scan) findings in children with mild to moderate TBI.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 50 pediatrics with mild to moderate TBI were recruited and the following steps were performed for each patient: Completing the demographic information (age, gender, medical disorders, etc.), dietary intake assessment, taking blood samples for biochemical evaluations, and evaluating psychological disorders using the “Rutter Children Behavior Questionnaire”. The patient's CT scan was also used to determine the main area of brain injury. Results: The results showed that in comparison with the Reference Dietary Allowance (RDA) values, calorie intake was inadequate in 32% of the patients, while 32% had excess calorie intake. Comparison of the mean daily energy intake and serum levels of satiety hormones in different categorical CT scan findings showed that there was a significant relationship between energy intake and the site of injury. Post- hoc analysis showed that energy intake in patients with temporal lobe injury was significantly higher than in patients with frontal lobe injury or injuries to other sites of the brain. The results also showed that mean serum Ghrelin and Orexin levels in patients with temporal lobe injury were higher than patients with frontal lobe injury but no significant relationship was found regarding leptin and site of injury. Moreover, it was shown that children with frontal lobe injury had significantly more behavioral disorders.Conclusions: It seems that frontal lobe injuries might be associated with anorexia while temporal lobe injury can be associated with increased food intake. Future studies are recommended to determine, if there is a relationship between satiety related hormones with other site of injury in TBI patients.

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Nutritional Alterations Associated with Neurological and Neurosurgical Diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Sarcopenic Obesity in Individuals With Neurodisabilities: The SarcObeNDS Study

Sarcopenic Obesity in Individuals With Neurodisabilities: The SarcObeNDS Study

Comparative assessment of nutritional characteristics of critically ill patients at admission and discharge from the neurosurgical intensive care unit in Korea: a comparison study

Determining Correlation of Food Intake and Satiety Related Hormones with the Findings of Brain Computerized Tomography (CT) Scans and Psychological Disorders in Children with Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury

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