Nutritional Analysis of Quality Protein Maize Varieties Selected for Agronomic Characteristics in a Breeding Program

Mbuya, K.; Nkongolo, K. K.; Kalonji-Mbuyi, A.

doi:10.3923/ijpbg.2011.317.327

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Quality Protein Maize (QPM) was developed by breeding o2 mutants with normal kernel hardness and vitreousness while retaining the high lysine content. The nutritional benefits of QPM were confirmed in feeding trials (Sofi et al, 2009; Panda et al, 2010; Mbuya et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Generation and Evaluation of Modified Opaque-2 Popcorn Suggests a Route to Quality Protein Popcorn

et al. 2018

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Introducing traits from dent corn to popcorn is challenging because it is difficult to recover adequate popping characteristics. QPM (Quality Protein Maize) is a dent corn variety carrying the opaque-2 (o2) mutation, specifying increased amounts of normally limiting essential amino acids, and modifier genes which restore the wild type vitreous kernel phenotype. In this study, we introgressed o2 and selected for endosperm modification using vitreousness and high 27-kD gamma zein content. In this way, we recovered high-lysine, fully poppable Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP). BC2F4 individuals with vitreous kernels were confirmed to be o2 mutants by both genotyping and SDS-PAGE. Amino acid profiling of BC2F4 individuals showed that they all have significantly increased lysine compared with popcorn parental lines. Principal Component Analysis of the amino acid profiles showed that all introgressions were grouped with corresponding QPM parental lines. Popping analysis of the BC2F5 individuals showed that while there is variability in popping volume between lines, some lines show equivalent popping to the popcorn parent. In this proof-of-concept study for QPP, we have shown that it is possible to rapidly recover sufficient popcorn characteristics in a modified o2 background using simple phenotypic, biochemical and genetic selection. Furthermore, this shows increased γ-zein is an acceptable substitute for α-zein for full poppability. Since we have developed multiple QPP introgressions, this gives good scope for ongoing hybrid production and future evaluation of agronomic performance and selection of elite hybrids. In a wider context, this study shows the potential for breeding beneficial traits into popcorn for agronomic improvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Generation and Evaluation of Modified Opaque-2 Popcorn Suggests a Route to Quality Protein Popcorn

et al. 2018

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“…To alleviate these setbacks, CIMMYT employed a large-scale breeding program involving multiple opaque-2 varieties and selected moderately improved vitreousness levels through back-crossed generations. Along with the opaque-2 mutation, CIMMYT observed the necessary introgression of unknown amino acid and endosperm vitreousness restorer genes through phenotypic selection for the biofortified, vitreous QPM end product (Babu et al, 2005;Sofi et al, 2009;Panda et al, 2010;Mbuya et al, 2011;Babu and Prasanna, 2014;Surender et al, 2014;Kostadinovic et al, 2016;Krishna et al, 2017). Though most amino acid and endosperm modifier genes remain unidentified, QTL studies have suggested that endosperm restorer genes are located on Chromosomes 1, 5, 7, and 9 (Holding et al, 2008(Holding et al, , 2011Babu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Selection of Quality Protein Popcorn Hybrids Using a Novel Ranking System and Combining Ability Estimates

et al. 2020

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Popcorn varieties are agronomically sub-optimal and genetically limited compared to other maize subspecies. To increase genetic diversity and improve popcorn agronomics, dent germplasm has been introduced to popcorn with limited success and generally, major loss of popping. Between 2013 and 2018, 12 Quality Protein Popcorn (QPP) inbreds containing Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and popcorn germplasm were produced that maintained popping while carrying the opaque-2 allele conferring elevated kernel lysine. This is an opportune trait in the growing market for healthier snacks and a model for mining QPM traits into popcorn. We crossed QPP inbreds to explore the effects of heterosis on popcorn protein, popping quality, and plant agronomics and selected hybrids for further production. To rank and intermediately prescreen hybrids, we utilized a novel hybrid-ranking model adapted from a rank summation index while examining the inbred general combining ability and hybrid specific combining ability estimates for all traits. We observed a biological manifestation of heterosis by categorizing hybrids by pedigree that resulted in a stepwise progression of trait improvement. These results corroborated our hybrid selection and offered insight in basic heterosis research. Estimates for popcorn quality and agronomic trait covariances also suggest the synergistic introgression of highly vitreous dent maize (QPM) into popcorn, providing a likely explanation for the successfully maintained vitreous endosperm, protein quality and popping traits in line with a remodeled proteome. QPP hybrids maintained improved amino acid profiles although different popping methods variably affected popcorn's protein bound and free amino acid levels. This preliminary screening of QPP hybrids is enabling further quantitative selection for large-scale, complex trait comparison to currently marketed elite popcorn varieties.

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“…In contrast, the efficient use of N by crops results in greater returns in stubble cover, soil organic matter maintenance, higher yields and increased grain protein contents (Silva, Aguiar, Moura, & Jorge, 2016). For small farmers, particularly in developing countries, the increase in protein grain maize plays an important role because corn is the main staple food and often the sole source of which derive protein and caloric requirements for animal and human nutrition (Ufaz & Galili, 2008;Mbuya, Nkongolo, & Kalonji-Mbuya, 2011). Therefore, although product quantity is the principal function that drives the producer revenue stream, product quality is also important for driving economic and social return.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Use and Protein Yield of Two Maize Cultivars in Cohesive Tropical Soil

Marques¹,

Aguiar²,

Macedo³

et al. 2017

JAS

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One major challenge to developing sustainable family farms in tropical regions is increasing nitrogen use efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of leguminous residues of low-and high-quality on nitrogen uptake, as well as on content of protein of a Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and of a hybrid maize in a tropical sandy loam soil. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates in a 6 × 2 factorial and six treatments: Gliricidia + Clitoria (GC); Gliricidia + Acacia (GA); Leucaena + Gliricidia (LG); Leucaena + Clitoria (LC); Leucaena + Acacia (LA) and a control without legumes (C). A sub-plot was constructed, sowing in each plot two maize cultivars, opened pollination QPM BR 473 and hybrid Ag 7088. We conclude that the combined use of leguminous residues applied on the soil surface might increase the uptake of nitrogen, the protein contents of maize and the grain yield. In bare soil prone to cohesion, the use of synthetic N is not feasible for both maize yield and for protein yield compared with use of covered soil. The results also showed that the effects of leguminous residue quality on N uptake may differ from year to year due to variation in water stress days.

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Nutritional Analysis of Quality Protein Maize Varieties Selected for Agronomic Characteristics in a Breeding Program

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Generation and Evaluation of Modified Opaque-2 Popcorn Suggests a Route to Quality Protein Popcorn

Generation and Evaluation of Modified Opaque-2 Popcorn Suggests a Route to Quality Protein Popcorn

Production and Selection of Quality Protein Popcorn Hybrids Using a Novel Ranking System and Combining Ability Estimates

Nitrogen Use and Protein Yield of Two Maize Cultivars in Cohesive Tropical Soil

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