Nutritional challenges in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Nordstrøm, Marianne; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Hope, Sigrun; Kolset, Svein Olav

doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30400-6

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…To evaluate this relationship, we once again began with the genetics of human developmental disorders and their consequences for morphological and behavioral disruption. The incidence of S/F/S difficulties from birth through early childhood -collectively referred to as pediatric dysphagia -is significantly elevated in genetic developmental syndromes as well as children with clinically diagnosed behavioral neurodevelopmental disorders (Berlin et al, 2011;Kleinert, 2017;Robertson et al, 2017;Bianco and Rota, 2018;Maynard et al, 2020b;Nordstrom et al, 2020), including infants and toddlers with 22q11DS (Eicher et al, 2000). Craniofacial and brain anomalies characterize all of these developmental disorders, including 22q11DS.…”

Section: Putting It Together: Face Brain and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Does the Face Predict the Brain? Neural Crest Induction, Craniofacial Morphogenesis, and Neural Circuit Development

LaMantia

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Mesenchephalic and rhombencephalic neural crest cells generate the craniofacial skeleton, special sensory organs, and subsets of cranial sensory receptor neurons. They do so while preserving the anterior-posterior (A-P) identity of their neural tube origins. This organizational principle is paralleled by central nervous system circuits that receive and process information from facial structures whose A-P identity is in register with that in the brain. Prior to morphogenesis of the face and its circuits, however, neural crest cells act as “inductive ambassadors” from distinct regions of the neural tube to induce differentiation of target craniofacial domains and establish an initial interface between the brain and face. At every site of bilateral, non-axial secondary induction, neural crest constitutes all or some of the mesenchymal compartment for non-axial mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) interactions. Thus, for epithelial domains in the craniofacial primordia, aortic arches, limbs, the spinal cord, and the forebrain (Fb), neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells establish local sources of inductive signaling molecules that drive morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. This common mechanism for building brains, faces, limbs, and hearts, A-P axis specified, neural crest-mediated M/E induction, coordinates differentiation of distal structures, peripheral neurons that provide their sensory or autonomic innervation in some cases, and central neural circuits that regulate their behavioral functions. The essential role of this neural crest-mediated mechanism identifies it as a prime target for pathogenesis in a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, the face and the brain “predict” one another, and this mutual developmental relationship provides a key target for disruption by developmental pathology.

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Section: Putting It Together: Face Brain and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Does the Face Predict the Brain? Neural Crest Induction, Craniofacial Morphogenesis, and Neural Circuit Development

LaMantia

2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…Our first consideration relies on an outcome of eating habits: anthropometric measurements. The literature repeatedly reports that DS children are predisposed to obesity (4,15,16). The DS prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported to range between 23 and 70% in both males and females and to stem from altered dietary intakes, reduced physical activity, and a basal metabolic rate below that of the general pediatric population (4,9,(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature repeatedly reports that DS children are predisposed to obesity (4,15,16). The DS prevalence of overweight and obesity has been reported to range between 23 and 70% in both males and females and to stem from altered dietary intakes, reduced physical activity, and a basal metabolic rate below that of the general pediatric population (4,9,(15)(16)(17). Physical activity does not only produce a caloric burst; it also seems to positively impact the ability to perform daily tasks and thus improve independence in DS adults (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DS people increased their life expectancy, going from 25 years in 1983 to ∼60 in 2010, despite their susceptibility to congenital diseases and genetic predisposition to multiple medical conditions such as thyroid and dental problems, leukemia, cardiac or gastrointestinal defects, respiratory infections, pulmonary hypertension, immune dysregulations, ocular and auditory disorders, dermatological diseases, and epilepsy (2,3). Numerous studies have attempted to find therapies, but very few have investigated the food habits of this population (4)(5)(6). Macro-and micro-nutrients, diet composition, habits and lifestyles may be fundamental to sustain good health, especially if approached in the 1st years of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating and Lifestyle Habits in Youth With Down Syndrome Attending a Care Program: An Exploratory Lesson for Future Improvements

Roccatello¹,

Cocchi

Dimastromatteo

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Introduction: Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have nutritional problems with unknown implications besides increased potential for obesity. Their food habits are unknown. We aim to delineate eating and lifestyle habits of DS children attending a multispecialist program to identify the challenges they face and the potential improvements.Patients and Methods: We interacted with 34 DS children (22 males, 12 females, 2–16 years old) and their families. Food habits, medical conditions and treatments, degrees of development and physical activity, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded over 6 months and analyzed. A 3-day food diary and a 24-h recall food frequency questionnaire were administered.Results: Twenty-nine (85%) children completed meals, only 11 (32%) received alternative food such as milk. Weaning regularly started in 25 (73%) children. Preschool children introduced adequate calories and nutrients. School children and adolescents did not reach recommendations. All age groups, as the general pediatric population, excessively ate protein and saturated fat, and preferred bread, pasta, fruit juices, meat and cold cuts. Peculiarly, pulses and fish were adequately assumed by preschool and school children, respectively. Five children (15%) were overweight/obese.Conclusions: Dietary excesses commonly found in the general pediatric population are also present in this DS group, proving a narrowing gap between the two. DS group performed better nutritionally in the early years and overweight/obesity occurrence seems contained. DS children may benefit from a practical yet professional care-program in which nutrition education may improve their growth, development and transition into adulthood.

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“…In a recent review of children with DS, Nordstrøm et al . (2020) reported that feeding and swallowing problems are common in children with DS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient adequacy, dietary patterns and diet quality among children with and without intellectual disabilities

Bandini

Curtin

Phillips

et al. 2021

J intellect Disabil Res

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Background Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) frequently have feeding problems, but there has been limited research on nutrient intake, dietary patterns and diet quality in this population. Method Nutrient intakes, dietary patterns and the Healthy Eating Index were compared between 48 children with ID and 55 typically developing (TD) children aged 3–8 years who participated in the Children's Mealtime Study. Three‐day food records that included two weekdays and one weekend day were used to assess dietary intake. Food intake was entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research for analysis of nutrient intake, dietary patterns and diet quality. Height and weight were measured to determine body mass index (BMI). The relation of dietary patterns to weight status was also assessed. Results Typically developing children and children with ID met the Estimated Average Requirement/Adequate Intake (EAR/AI) for most nutrients. However, a substantial number of children in both groups did not meet the EAR for vitamins E and D and calcium and the AI for vitamin K. Only one TD child met the AI for potassium. A small percentage of children in both groups did not meet the EAR for vitamin A and vitamin C, and in the ID group, a small percentage did not meet the EAR for vitamin B12. Children in the ID group consumed, on average, fewer servings of vegetables than TD children (0.5 vs. 1.2, P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in servings of fruit (0.8 vs. 1.1, respectively), fruit juice (less than a half serving in both groups), sugar‐sweetened beverages (less than a half serving in both groups) or snacks (1.1 vs. 1.4, respectively) after adjusting for BMI z‐score, parental education and race. We found a significant correlation between snack intake and BMI z‐score among children with ID but not among TD children (r = 0.48, P < 0.0001 vs. r = 0.19, P = 0.16, respectively). The Healthy Eating Index indicated, on average, poor overall diet quality in both groups (58.2 in the ID group and 59.1 in the TD group). Conclusions This study suggests that the diets of children with ID, as in TD children, need improvement. Targeting healthy eating in children with ID would improve diet quality and overall health.

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Nutritional challenges in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Cited by 52 publications

References 71 publications

Why Does the Face Predict the Brain? Neural Crest Induction, Craniofacial Morphogenesis, and Neural Circuit Development

Why Does the Face Predict the Brain? Neural Crest Induction, Craniofacial Morphogenesis, and Neural Circuit Development

Eating and Lifestyle Habits in Youth With Down Syndrome Attending a Care Program: An Exploratory Lesson for Future Improvements

Nutrient adequacy, dietary patterns and diet quality among children with and without intellectual disabilities

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