Diet and exercise may be beneficial for managing symptoms of fibromyalgia. However, data on the relationship between diet quality and fibromyalgia symptoms are limited. We investigated the relationship between diet quality, fibromyalgia, and psychological health in patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the use of Tai Chi versus aerobic exercise for managing symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Methods:A cross-sectional study enrolled participants from a RCT. Diet quality and fibromyalgia symptoms were assessed using the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), respectively. Retrospective analyses were performed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) to examine the association of diet quality with pre-intervention FIQR, psychological variables, and quality of life.
Results:Twenty-six female adults (mean age = 56 years; mean pre-intervention body mass index = 29.6) of 223 trial participants (11.7%) were included in the analyses. Higher diet quality was associated with higher pre-intervention chronic pain self-efficacy scores (r = 0.62, P = .01) and lower scores on the Hospital Depression scale (r = -0.47, P = .02). There were no significant associations between diet quality and pre-intervention severity of anxiety or physical health, quality of life, sleep quality, or FIQR scores.
Conclusion:Preliminary results suggest a positive association between diet quality and self-efficacy and psychological health in women with fibromyalgia. Future prospective studies are needed.