Nutritional evaluation of tender pods of Canavalia maritima of coastal sand dunes

Abstract

This study has been performed to evaluate the nutritional, antinutritional and protein qualities of tender pods of Canavalia maritima, the coastal sand dune wild legume of southwest India. The proximal features, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, antinutritional and protein qualities of fresh and pressure-cooked tender pods have been assessed. The crude protein was comparable to seeds of many edible legumes. Cooking significantly elevated the carbohydrates and calorific value of tender pods (P < 0.05), while crude fiber was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Minerals of fresh pods did not drain too much on cooking and K, Mg, Zn and Mn in fresh as well as cooked pods were comparable or higher than the NRC-NAS recommended pattern. Although cooking decreased the essential amino acids, threonine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and lysine in cooked pods were equivalent or higher than the FAO-WHO-UNU recommended pattern. The palmitoleic acid in fresh pods and eicosenoic acid in cooked pods were relatively high. Similarly, the essential fatty acids, linolenic acid and linoleic acid were confined to fresh and cooked pods respectively. The fresh pods were devoid of tannins and trypsin inhibitors. The total phenolics and hemagglutinin activity decreased substantially in cooked pods. The diet of pressure-cooked pods showed improvement of in vivo protein quality, elevation of growth parameters and positive nitrogen balance in rats. Overall, the pressurecooking of tender pods of C. maritima improved the nutritional qualities by lowering the hemagglutinin activity.

Bioactive Compounds of Jack Beans (Canavalia Species)

“…Cooked ripened seeds of C. cathartica consist of linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids, while the uncooked seeds possess only linoleic and arachidonic acids. Similar trend was seen in ripened cooked seeds of C. maritima [24,25]. The ripened split beans of C. cathartica and C. maritima possess linoleic and linolenic acids, while eicosatrienoic and docosahexaenoic acids were confined to C. cathartica and eicosadienoic acid was confined to C. maritima [26].…”

“…Unlike C. cathartica, there was no change in the crude protein, total lipids, and crude fiber in cooked germinated seeds of C. maritima, while the carbohydrates increased significantly [23]. The ripened whole seeds of C. cathartica showed decreased crude protein and total lipids on cooking, while crude fiber and carbohydrates increased [24]. Cooking the whole ripened seeds of C. maritima resulted in decreased crude protein, total lipids, and crude fiber, while an increase in carbohydrates [25].…”

“…However, the cooked germinated seeds fulfilled the NRC-NAS [29] recommended pattern for magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. Cooking the whole ripened seeds of C. cathartica and C. maritima resulted in a decrease of minerals [24,25]. In raw and cooked seeds of both ripened seeds, only potassium, manganese, and zinc contents fulfilled the NRC-NAS pattern [29].…”

“…The EAA of different Canavalia seeds (roasted, cooked, fermented, and EB irradiated), germinated seeds (uncooked and cooked), ripened whole seeds (uncooked and cooked), and split beans of ripened seeds (uncooked and cooked) are comparable or surpassed the cereals (e.g., rice and wheat), soybean, and FAO-WHO [34] pattern [11,13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Processing of Canavalia seeds (roasting, cooking, fermentation, EB irradiation, and germination) alters the EAA contents as well as the ratio of total EAA (TEAA) and total amino acids (TAA).…”

A Promising Approach Toward Exploring Nutritional and Functional Qualities of Beko (O roxylum Indicum L. Benth. Ex Kurz) Pods For Potential Food Applications

“…Low sodium content in pod flour can be helpful in patients suffering from high blood pressure (Bhagya et al . ). The presence of magnesium and zinc can be beneficial, as they are known to prevent gonadal atrophy, impaired spermatogenesis and bleeding disorders as well as cardiomyopathy, muscle degeneration and immunologic dysfunctions (Chaturvedi et al .…”