Nutritional Influences on Interactions Between Bacteria and the Small Intestinal Mucosa

Kelly, Denise; Begbie, R.; King, T. P.

doi:10.1079/nrr19940013

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…However, the observed increase was more evident for adult than for elderly rats. There are numerous factors, including local immune mechanisms, interactions between different microbial species, the substrates supplied by the mucosa, initial digesta transit time, pH, and the local supply of oxygen (25,46), that could have an influence on the GI microbial composition and thus regulate the outcome of the synbiotic supplementation on the GI microflora in the present study. Since most of the changes in GI tract characteristics appear to be age dependent, it suggests that the age of the subject may have a significant impact on the effect of synbiotics on the GI microflora composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Leśniewska

Rowland

Cani

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. rhamnosus strain GG, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and inulin on intestinal populations of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria in adult and elderly rats fed the same (in quality and quantity) diet. The portal plasma levels of two neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY), were also evaluated to assess the physiological consequences of the synbiotic treatment for the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of rats of different ages. Adult (n ‫؍‬ 24) and elderly (n ‫؍‬ 24) male rats were fed the AIN-93 M maintenance diet. After 2 weeks of adaptation, the diet of 12 rats of each age group was supplemented with 8% inulin and with strains GG and Bb12 to provide 2.2 ؋ 10 9 CFU of each strain g ؊1 of the diet. Blood and different regions of the GI tract were sampled from all rats after 21 days of the treatment. Treatment with the mixture of strain GG, strain BB12, and inulin induced significantly different changes in the numbers of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterobacteria of the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and colon microflora. Moreover, the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture increased the concentrations of NPY and PYY for adult rats. For the elderly animals, the PYY concentration was not changed, while the NPY concentration was decreased by treatment with the GG, BB12, and inulin mixture. The results of the present study indicate that the physiological status of the GI tract, and not just diet, has a major role in the regulation of important groups of the GI bacteria community, since even the outcome of the dietary modification with synbiotics depends on the ages of the animals.The composition of the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora changes with increasing age of the host (34). These changes involve a decrease in the number and diversity of bifidobacteria and bacteroides and an increase in the number of enterobacteria, clostridia, streptococci, and enterococci in elderly humans (17,20,51) and in older animals (5).The age-related changes in the GI bacterial community in elderly humans are likely related to changes in nutritional habits, since it is well recognized that diet/dietary components codetermine the spectrum of intestinal microflora (2,18,28,33,37). In particular, aging is associated with the decrease in daily fiber intake (27) related to the prolongation of mastication (42), the decline in olfactorial and gustatorial sensitivity (24), and a decrease in cognition (36). However, aging is also associated with alterations of GI physiology and function, such as gastric hypochlorhydria, alterations in intestinal motility, and decreased colonic transit time (23,31,44). Changes in GI tract physiology during the aging process may allow specific bacterial populations to take advantage of novel ecological niches, thereby altering the composition of the GI microbiota, in turn affecting intestinal homeostasis and function (22,28).Pro-and prebiotics and their combination (synbiotics) have been shown to...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Leśniewska

Rowland

Cani

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although important associations between gut immune function and disease are recognised, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and its development will not specifically be reviewed here. The reader is directed towards several excellent recent reviews in this area by Kelly et al (1994), Deplancke & Gaskins (2001), Gaskins (2001), and Stokes et al (2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pig

et al. 2002

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There are several enteric bacterial diseases and conditions of pigs that require control to prevent overt disease, to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve the efficiency of production. Traditionally, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and producers have relied upon antibiotics and minerals (for example, ZnO, CuSO 4 ) in diets for a large part of this control. However, recent trends, particularly in Europe, are to reduce antimicrobial use and seek alternative or replacement strategies for controlling enteric bacterial diseases. The majority of these strategies rely on 'nutrition', taken in its broadest sense, to reduce the susceptibility of pigs to these diseases. Evidence to date suggests that specific dietary interventions, for example feeding very highly-digestible diets based on cooked white rice, can reduce the proliferation of a number of specific enteric bacterial infections, such as post-weaning colibacillosis. No simple and universal way to reduce susceptibility to pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract has been identified, and the underlying basis for many of the reported positive effects of 'nutrition' on controlling enteric infections lacks robust, scientific understanding. This makes it difficult to recommend dietary guidelines to prevent or reduce enteric bacterial diseases. Furthermore, some diseases, such as porcine intestinal spirochaetosis caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli, are sometimes associated with other pathogens (co-infections). In such cases, each pathogen might have different nutrient requirements, ecological niches and patterns of metabolism for which a variety of dietary interventions are needed to ameliorate the disease. Greater understanding of how 'nutrition' influences gut epithelial biology and immunobiology, and their interactions with both commensal and pathogenic bacteria, holds promise as a means of tackling enteric disease without antimicrobial agents. In addition, it is important to consider the overall system (i.e. management, housing, welfare) of pig production in the context of controlling enteric bacterial diseases.

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“…The addition of probiotic promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and so provided a healthier intestinal system for better absorption of nutrients ( Kelly et al, 1994;Rada and Rychly, 1995;Line et al, 1998;Salminen et al, 1998;and Pascual et al, 1999). While G3 (the non-probiotic supplemented, E coli infected) remained the group with lowest performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic (ROEMIN W2) Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Histomorphological Structure in Broilers Challenged With E.Coli

2017

American Research Journal of Agriculture

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Nutritional Influences on Interactions Between Bacteria and the Small Intestinal Mucosa

Abstract: Type-I fimbriae. Fimbrial serotypes associated with diarrhoea1 disease. Fimbrial adhesins associated with Helicobacter pylori. .

Cited by 33 publications

References 157 publications

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Effect on Components of the Intestinal Microflora and Plasma Neuropeptide Levels of Feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii , Bifidobacterium lactis , and Inulin to Adult and Elderly Rats

Nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pig

Probiotic (ROEMIN W2) Improved Growth Performance and Intestinal Histomorphological Structure in Broilers Challenged With E.Coli

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