Nutritional intervention to reduce the n−6/n−3 fatty acid ratio increases adiponectin concentration and fatty acid oxidation in healthy subjects

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Consumption of nÀ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has a favourable impact on inflammation and cardiovascular disease. However, the Western diet is characterized by a low nÀ3 PUFA intake and an imbalance in the nÀ6/ nÀ3 PUFA ratio. Study the effect 10-week of diet modification to decrease the nÀ6/nÀ3 PUFA ratio on cardiovascular risk factors and resting energy expenditure. Conclusion: A decreased nÀ6/nÀ3 PUFA ratio can be achieved with simple dietary counselling, resulting in multiple, potentially favourable effects on the metabolic and inflammatory profiles.

Effects of a Fish-Based Diet on the Serum Adiponectin Concentration in Young, Non-Obese, Healthy Japanese Subjects

“…It was also compatible with recent reports from the United Kingdom and France 16,17) . People in Japan consume more fish per capita than people in other countries; it has been reported that the median serum -3 PUFA concentration in Japanese people is much higher than in Caucasian and Japanese Americans 5,19) .…”

“…In addition to these changes, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish was possibly due to the increased adiponectin concentration. In this study, the increment of the serum adiponectin concentration in response to fish consumption was relatively small, and was compatible with previous clinical trials 16,17,32) . It might be an important question whether this relatively small increase in adiponectin concentration could have any clinical meaning.…”

“…PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid, n.s. : not significant in female than male subjects, whereas previous studies had not discussed the gender effect [16][17][18] . Serum HMW adiponectin concentration was also significantly increased by fish-diet intervention in women, but not in men, without changes in the HMW/total adiponectin ratio (data not shown); the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear.…”

“…Recently, Neschen S and Morino K et al and others have reported that fish oil consumption increases plasma adiponectin concentrations in mice 14,15) . In humans, it is still debated whether -3 PUFAs regulate serum adiponectin concentrations; for example, a study in France in which the -6/ -3 fatty acid ratio was reduced in healthy subjects 16) and a study in the United Kingdom in which healthy volunteers were given a salmon-rich diet 17) both showed an increase in serum adiponectin levels. In contrast, a study in the United States in which overweight subjects were given -3 PUFA showed no change in serum adiponectin levels 18) .…”

Relationship between red cell membrane fatty acids and adipokines in individuals with varying insulin sensitivity

“…Our observation is supported by Ramel et al (2009) who reported enhanced insulin sensitivity in individuals who were given fish oil (rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids) only if it was complemented with a calorie-restricted diet (that is, reduced saturated fat intake). Similarly, a 6-month hypocaloric lowfat combined with lean (white) fish diet altered the balance of saturated (reduced) and omega-3 (increased) fatty acids in the skeletal muscle membrane phospholipids in grossly obese/diabetic patients and this change was significantly associated with change in insulin sensitivity (Guebre-Egziabher et al, 2008). However, it is worth noting that despite the normalization of muscle membrane phospholipid fatty acid, the increased omega-3 fatty acids failed to lower the absolute concentration of circulating insulin.…”