Nutritional patterns of Korean diabetic patients: an exploratory study

Lee, Hyungjun; Kim, M.; Daly, Barbara J.

doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2008.00656.x

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, negative correlations between HbA1c levels and protein or fat intake were also observed. In another study using Korean patients with diabetes mellitus, the distribution of macronutrients (%E of protein : %E of fat : %E of carbohydrate) was reported as 16:16:68 16 . The mean %E of carbohydrate was 59.5 in men and 58.6 in women, respectively, in the present study (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In another study using Korean patients with diabetes mellitus, the distribution of macronutrients (%E of protein : %E of fat : %E of carbohydrate) was reported as 16:16:68. 16 The mean %E of carbohydrate was 59.5 in men and 58.6 in women, respectively, in the present study (Table 1). Thus, Korean elderly diabetic patients' intake energy more from carbohydrate than Japanese elderly diabetic patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The Korean study showed the significant positive correlation of %E of carbohydrate with the exacerbation of HbA1c 15,16 . However, %E of carbohydrate in Korean elderly diabetic patients was substantially high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Optimal energy distribution of carbohydrate intake for Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japanese Elderly Intervention Trial

Kamada

Yoshimura

Okumura

et al. 2012

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim:In diet therapy for diabetes, optimal energy intake and the energy distribution of macronutrients (protein : fat : carbohydrate [PFC] energy ratio) are important. We aimed to clarify the correlation between the PFC energy ratio and metabolic parameters including glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and triglycerides in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 65 years or older.Methods: Participants were 1173 diabetic patients aged 65 years or older with serum HbA1c level of м7.4% enrolled in the Japanese Elderly Diabetes Intervention Trial (J-EDIT). The participants were divided into four groups by the percentage of total energy intake (%E) of carbohydrate (C1: less than 55%E, C2: 55%E or more and less than 60%E, C3: 60%E or more and less than 65%E, and C4: 65%E or more). Relations of %E of carbohydrate to HbA1c and other metabolic parameters, energy intake and nutritional intake were examined. Furthermore, the subjects were divided into four categories by HbA1c levels by quartile method (Q1: less than 7.90%, Q2: 7.90% or more and less than 8.30%, Q3: 8.30% or more and less than 8.80%, Q4: 8.80% or more). Relations of HbA1c to other metabolic parameters, energy intake and nutritional intake were examined. Results:The mean HbA1c levels in the four groups were C1: 8.40%, C2: 8.50%, C3: 8.41% and C4: 8.36% in men, and C1: 8.51%, C2: 8.47%, C3: 8.35% and C4: 8.52% in women, respectively. There were no significant differences and linear trend in HbA1c levels across groups. The mean triglyceride levels were in the range of 122-128 mg/dL in men from C1 to C3, although it was significantly higher in C4 (177 mg/dL). The mean triglyceride levels were in the range of 128-136 mg/dL in women from C1 to C3, although it was significantly higher in Q4 (150 mg/dL). Amounts of protein and fat intakes decreased with an increase of %E of carbohydrate, although amount of carbohydrate intake did not change significantly. As a result, %E of protein and fat, and energy intake decreased in both men and women with an increase in %E of carbohydrate. Among the four quartiles divided by HbA1c levels, there were no significant differences in energy intake and PFC energy ratio. Conclusions:The present study suggests that, within the range studied, the carbohydrate energy ratio has no correlation with HbA1c levels. However, serum triglyceride levels increased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly, with an increase of %E of carbohydrate in men, and the same tendencies were observed in women. Furthermore, in patients with 65%E or more of carbohydrate, serum triglyceride levels exceeded 150 mg/dL, which is the recommended treatment target for diabetic patients. These results suggest that the ideal %E of carbohydrate for Japanese elderly type 2 diabetes is less than 65. The lower limit of %E of carbohydrate could not be determined from the present study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12 (Suppl. 1): 41-49.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Optimal energy distribution of carbohydrate intake for Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japanese Elderly Intervention Trial

Kamada

Yoshimura

Okumura

et al. 2012

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…Thus, carbohydrate intake takes up a relatively high proportion of macronutrients in Asian patients with T2DM. In a Korean study, the distribution of macronutrients (C:F:P, % of total energy) was reported as 68%:16%:16%, respectively [29]. According to data from eastern China, in patients with T2DM, the proportion of calories derived from carbohydrate, fat and protein were 61.4%, 25.4% and 13.3%, respectively [30].…”

Section: Literature About the Effects Of High Carbohydrate On Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Jung

Choi

2017

Nutrients

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In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whether dietary carbohydrates have beneficial or detrimental effects on cardiometabolic risk factors has drawn attention. Although a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet have gained popularity for several decades, there is scarce review focusing on the effects of HC diet on glucose, lipids and body weight in patients with T2DM. In this review, we examined recently-published literature on the effects of HC diets on metabolic parameters in T2DM. HC diets are at least as effective as LC diets, leading to significant weight loss and a reduction in plasma glucose, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The major concern is that HC diets may raise serum triglyceride levels and reduce high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, these untoward effects were not a persistent consequence and may be ameliorated with the consumption of a low glycemic index (GI)/low glycemic load (GL) and high fiber. Carbohydrate intake should be individualized, and low caloric intake remains a crucial factor to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight; however, an HC diet, rich in fiber and with a low GI/GL, may be recommendable in patients with T2DM.

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“…So far, the current reports of food intake and clinical recommendations are based on studies of Caucasian subjects. Studies on the nutrient intake of Korean diabetic patients have only looked at a small number of patients, such as 154 patients [7], and therefore the overall state of dietary intake of Korean diabetic patients could not be evaluated. For a large scale study, the development of a validated diet assessment method is required and although studies in diabetic patients have been conducted in other populations [8] in Korea, except for a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a community cohort for the study of chronic diseases [9] and a food intake questionnaire for the investigation of the dietary patterns associated with the development of diabetes [10], there has been no study on the dietary assessment method for diabetic patients exclusively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Diets of Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients

et al. 2010

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BackgroundOur aim was to assess the validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by comparison with the 3-day diet record (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsEighty five type 2 diabetic patients (aged 33 to 70 years) from the Korean National Diabetes Program (KNDP) completed 3-day DR and FFQ. The FFQ was designed to reflect the eating pattern of Korean type 2 diabetic patients, and was based on the 2003 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The FFQ consists of 85 food items and 12 food groups. The validity of FFQ was assessed by comparison with the 3-day DR.ResultsThe mean age was 49 ± 10 years. Clinical characteristic including body weight, diabetic duration, and HbA1c were not different from the total cohort subjects (n = 1,478). There were no significant differences in the mean intake of protein, fat and calcium estimated by the FFQ and the 3-day DR. Energy and carbohydrate estimated by the FFQ were higher than those estimated by the 3-day DR. The correlation coefficient was highest for energy (r = 0.740; P < 0.00) and lowest for iron (r = 0.269; P < 0.05). The Kappa values for energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and calcium were 0.54, 0.37, 0.36, 0.46, and 0.19, respectively.ConclusionThe FFQ is a reasonable instrument for assessing the intake of most macronutrients in Korean type 2 diabetes, although careful consideration is required for the food groups and nutrients for which the FFQ had low validity.

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Nutritional patterns of Korean diabetic patients: an exploratory study

Abstract: This study revealed a significant deviation from recommended daily allowances in the nutritional intake of Korean diabetic patients and emphasizes that dietary teaching and counselling must be tailored to clients' specific cultures and ethnic backgrounds.

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Optimal energy distribution of carbohydrate intake for Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japanese Elderly Intervention Trial

Optimal energy distribution of carbohydrate intake for Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: The Japanese Elderly Intervention Trial

Impact of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Diets of Korean Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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