Nutritional profile and molecular fingerprints of indigenous black jamun (Syzygium cumini L.) landraces

Abstract

The indigenous black jamun landraces ( L.), found in western Gujarat of Gir forest region (India), produced fruits with different size and shape. Fruit morphology like shape, volume, weight, length, girth were examined and black jamun categorized into six landraces viz., BJLR 1 (big fruit, > 11 g); BJLR 2 (medium to big fruit, 8-11 g); BJLR 3 (medium fruit, 6-8 g); BJLR 4 (medium to small fruit, 5-6 g); BJLR 5 (small fruit, 3-5 g) and BJLR 6 (very small fruit, < 3 g fruit weight). The landraces (BJLR 1 and 2) with larger size fruits were accumulated higher amount of moisture, total fat content, sugars, total protein, starch, free amino acid contents. Smaller fruits (BJLR 6) contained higher amount of ascorbic acid-137 and 132 mg%; anthocynin-47.7 and 2.35 mg%; crude fibre 3.05 and 10.5 g%; and total phenol-21.7 and 45.0 mg g in their fruit pulp and seed part, respectively with better nutritional profile compared with big and moderate fruited landraces. Nutritional profile of six landraces indicated that fruit pulp accumulated higher amount of soluble sugars (6.51-17.6 mg g), anthocyanins (29.7-47.7 mg%) and free amino acids (7.54-18.9 mg%) while that of seeds exhibited higher amount of crude fibre (6017-10.5 g%), ascorbic acid (90-137 mg%), starch (22.8-29.4 g%), total protein (4.72-7.17 mg%), phenols (45-56.7 mg g). The black jamun landraces were subjected to ISSR based polymorphic finger prints and genetic diversity analysis. Total 144 bands were amplified across six landraces by 18 UBC primers, of which 94 were polymorphic with 64.2% average polymorphism. Cluster analysis demonstrates the BJLR 6 landraces distinguished from other landraces with 53% similarity.

Anti-hyperglycemic Effect and Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by Phenolic Antioxidants of Medicinal Plants against Diabetes

“…Our previous study Gajera et al [26,27] suggested that antidiabetic activity of fruit parts of black jamun landraces was positively correlated with free radical scavenging activity, nutraceuticals profile and individual phenolic constituents. Total phenols and individual phenolics are positively correlated with antidiabetic and antiradical activities but vary with different level of significances.…”

Jamun Seed: A Review on Bioactive Constituents, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits

“…Carbohydrates are the main nutrient of the jamun seeds [Benherlal & Arumughan, 2007;Ghosh et al, 2017;Indrayan et al, 2005]. Among digestible carbohydrates, which provide the energy needed to support various metabolic processes in the human body, starch dominates with the content ranging from 23 g/100 g to 60 g/100 g dm of seed [Benherlal & Arumughan, 2007;Gajera et al, 2018]. The content of total soluble sugars is negligible -0.1-1.4 g/100 g [Gajera et al, 2018;Ghosh et al, 2017].…”

“…India is ranked second, accounting for around 15.4% of total global production, or 13.5 million tonnes [https://www.agrifarming.in/jamun-farming]. Jamun fruits are small, usually oval-shaped with a pink purple to blue black colour when completely ripe, with a subtly sweet, astringent, and sour flavour, and a firm seed inside [Gajera et al, 2018;de Sousa Sabino et al, 2018;un Din et al, 2020]. At fully ripen stage, jamun pulp contains sugars (glucose, fructose), free amino acids, minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mn, Mg), dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, organic acids [Gajera et al, 2018;Seraglio et al, 2018], phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, flavonols, ellagotannins and gallotannins) [Faria et al, 2011;Lestario et al, 2017], volatile compounds (trans--ocimene, cis-ocimene, β-myrcene, and α-terpineol), and flavouring compounds (dihydrocarvyl acetate, geranyl butyrate, and terpinyl valerate) [Vijayanand et al, 2001].…”

“…Seeds are the main post--processing waste product. Their amount is large, because they constitute 10-47% of the total weight of the fruit [Benherlal & Arumughan, 2007; Gajera et al, 2018;un Din et al, 2020]. The generated waste causes problem for the industry and for the environment, but on the other hand, it has become a challenge for scientists.…”

Formulation and organoleptic evaluation of Poly Herbal Cream of Punica, Neem, Carrot & Jamun as Active Ingredients

“…The presence of oxalic, gallic, tannic acids and other alkaloids creates one to feel such an astringency taste. The pulp and seeds are used for traditional medicine against diabetes, diarrhea, and ringworm infection also protect against radiation-induced sickness 32,[34][35][36][37] . It is very beneficial as it has anti-diabetic, cytoprotective, anticoagulant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, hypo-lipidemic, hepato-protective properties 35,38,39 .…”