Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw

Vadiveloo, J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00107-8

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Morphology, physicochemical characteristics and degradability Compared with other varieties, greater proportions of stems or lower leaf/stem ratios (1.63) were observed for the varieties used in the present study (Vadiveloo, 2000;AgbaglaDohnani et al, 2001); however, differences in variety did not cause any differences in leaf to stem ratio. A higher ratio of stem to whole plant is preferred, particularly in varieties with high silica content (Asian and United States).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Results relating silica and lignin content to degradability of morphological fractions are -E-mail: ghasemi@ag.iut.ac.ir equivocal. European rice straw leaves have been found to be more digestible than stems (Agbagla-Dohnani et al, 2001), whereas leaves reportedly tend to be less digestible than stems in Asian straws (Vadiveloo, 2000). Silica and lignin contents may be possible contributors to such variation in response (Van Soest, 2006) but no relationship has been found between microbial degradation and silica content in the European varieties (Agbagla-Dohnani et al, 2001 and.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition, cell wall features and degradability of stem, leaf blade and sheath in untreated and alkali-treated rice straw

Ghasemi

Ghorbani

Khorvash

et al. 2013

Animal

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Three dominant morphological fractions (i.e. leaf blade (LB), leaf sheath (LS) and stem) were analysed for chemical composition and ruminal degradability in three rice straw varieties. In one variety treated with alkali, cell wall features were also characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The highest concentrations of cell wall carbohydrates (hemicellulose and cellulose) were observed in LS, whereas the highest concentrations of non-fibre (silica, phenolic compounds and CP) and lignin were recorded for LB. The stem had the lowest silica and hemicellulose contents but intermediate levels of other components. In terms of ruminal degradability, stem ranked higher than LB, which was followed by LS. Hemicellulose was found to be less degradable than either dry matter or cellulose in all the three fractions investigated. FTIR results indicated that the highest levels of hydrogen bonding, esterification and crystallinity within the cell wall components belonged to LS. In the alkaline treatment, these indices decreased to a larger extent for leaf fractions and a greater improvement was achieved in the degradability of LB and LS compared with that of stem. In the 24-h ruminal incubation, the silicified layer of epidermis and the underlying cell walls showed a rigid structure in the control fractions, whereas the treatment with NaOH resulted in crimping of the silicified cuticle layer and the loss of integrity in cell structure. Despite the highest silica and lignin contents observed in LB, LS showed the lowest degradability, which might be due to its high level of hydrogen bonding, crystallinity and esterification within its cell wall components as well as its high hemicellulose content.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition, cell wall features and degradability of stem, leaf blade and sheath in untreated and alkali-treated rice straw

Ghasemi

Ghorbani

Khorvash

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…Even if lignin could be degraded in the rumen it would not provide much energy to the animals. Lignin, however, has important effects on livestock production by effecting degradability and feed intake (Vadiveloo, 2000). The chemical composition of rice straw varies between varieties and growing seasons, with higher nitrogen and cellulose contents in early-season rice compared to others (Shen et al, 1998).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Rice Strawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreated rice straw as an improved fodder for ruminants-An overview

Malik

Tokkas

Anand

et al. 2015

JANS

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Rice straw, a by-product of the rice production is mainly used as a source of feed for ruminant livestock is the major forage in rice-producing areas in India. The disposal of the rice straw is a serious problem in areas where it is the major agricultural product. It is rich in polysaccharides and has a high lignin and silica content, limiting voluntary intake and reducing degradability by rumen microbes. By rice straw treatment, its quality and digestibility can be improved and enhanced the protein content. Several methods have been used to improve the utilization of rice straw by ruminants or supplemented by other ingredients to increase digestibility and nutrient value before it can be considered a suitable animal feed. In recent years, biological treatments have been investigated for improvement in nutritional value of rice straw. The use of ligninolytic fungi and their extracellular ligninolytic enzymes for treatment of rice straw results in degrading cellulose and hemicelluloses contents which improve its nutritional value. The use of fungi and enzyme treatments is expected to be a practical, cost-effective and environmental-friendly approach for enhancing the nutritive value and digestibility of rice straw. Therefore, the treated rice straw has a good potential as feed for ruminants.

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“…IVTDas feed (%) = 100 -[(W3 -(W1 x C1)) x 100]/(W2) [1] IVTDMD (%) = 100 -[(W3-(W1 x C1)) x 100]/(W2 x %DMFeed) [2] IVTNDFDDM (%) = 100 x [(W2 x %NDFFeed) -(W3-(W1 x C1))]/ (W2 x %DMFeed) [3] IVTOMDDM (%) = 100 -[(W4) x 100]/(W2 x %DMFeed) [4] where W1 is weight of filter bag, W2 is weight of sample, W3 is final weight (filter bag + sample), W4 is organic material weight (calculated after inceration of filter bags contained sample), NDF Feed is % of NDF contain in feed (%DM), DM Feed is % of dry matter contain in feed and C1 is correction factor of blank filter bag value.…”

Section: In Vitro Digestion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…or biological (enzyme/white rot fungi treatment etc) methods for improving its feeding value. Although application of chemical treatments like sodium hydroxide to improve of digestibility of straw increased degradability of straw [3] , it can be a cause of enviromental pollution. Therefore, the interest is focused on the biological treatments due to the outgoing concerns on food safety in animal originated food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sellülaz Enzimi Muamelesinin Çeltik Samanı Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkisi

Selçuk¹,

Salman²,

Çetinkaya³

2015

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of cellulase enzyme treatments and incubations on digestibility of rice straw. Rice straw was treated by using cellulase from Trichoderma reseei at 0 (Control, C), 1 (RS+CEL1), 1.5 (RS+CEL1.5) and 2% (RS+CEL2) levels (dry matter basis, DM), and treated rice straw samples were ensiled in 6 glass jars for C, RS+CEL1, RS+CEL1.5 and RS+CEL2. For control and each level of cellulase treatment, 3 glass jars were incubated at room temperature (22ºC) in the dark for 30 days, 3 glass jars were incubated at 40±0.2ºC in an incubator for 30 days. After the treatment, the significant increases (P<0.05) were determined in treatment groups compared to control for the percentage of in vitro true digestibility as fed (IVTDas fed ), in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD), in vitro true neutral detergent fiber digestibility in DM basis (IVTNDFDDM) and in vitro true organic matter digestibility in DM basis (IVTOMDDM ) of rice straw. The best results obtained from the highest level of cellulase (RS+CEL2) PYO VET 1906.11.004)

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Nutritional properties of the leaf and stem of rice straw

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Chemical composition, cell wall features and degradability of stem, leaf blade and sheath in untreated and alkali-treated rice straw

Chemical composition, cell wall features and degradability of stem, leaf blade and sheath in untreated and alkali-treated rice straw

Pretreated rice straw as an improved fodder for ruminants-An overview

Sellülaz Enzimi Muamelesinin Çeltik Samanı Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkisi

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