Nutritional status evaluation and nutrient intake in adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and their contacts

Abstract

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common status in patients with tuberculosis (TB). Because TB is disseminated through the sputum of infected persons, individuals who maintain relations with a TB patient are at high risk of infection; this risk is greater when contacts present an inadequate nutritional status. The aim of this work was to analyse and compare the nutritional status and macro and micronutrient intake of TB patients and their household contacts.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in TB patients from Nuevo Leon, México, and their household contacts. Thirty-nine patients diagnosed with TB and 62 contacts were evaluated. Anthropometric evaluation was performed considering weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR); nutrient intake was evaluated by applying 24-hour dietary recalls.
 Results: According to anthropometric assessment, the study population showed a greater trend towards being overweight and obese; 62% of TB patients and contacts had this type of malnutrition, while only 8% of individuals were undernourished. A greater tendency towards malnutrition was observed in the TB patient group.
 Conclusions: TB patients and their contacts presented as overweight and obese. Both groups showed similar patterns in macro and micronutrient intake. Implications of deficiencies in the intake of these nutrients are discussed on the basis of their effects on individual health.

Poor diet quality evaluated with the China Healthy Diet Index in Chinese tuberculosis patients

“…In this study, tuberculosis patients had a lower BMI than healthy controls, as previous studies 34 . We also observed a high incidence of low‐weight malnutrition in tuberculosis patients compared with the control group, which was mainly caused by anorexia, malabsorption, and inflammation‐driven catabolism, 35 increasing the risk of anorexia and underweight 36 .…”

Host microbiome in tuberculosis: disease, treatment, and immunity perspectives

“…Both the groups were deficient in energy, fiber, carbohydrate, and micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) intake, with a higher lipid and protein intake. Consistent with other results, the active patients presented lower BMI than HCs (Campos-Gongora et al, 2019 ). The groups also showed deficiencies in minerals such as copper, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc (Chan and Chan, 1994 ; Edem et al, 2015 ; Campos-Gongora et al, 2019 ).…”

“…Consistent with other results, the active patients presented lower BMI than HCs (Campos-Gongora et al, 2019 ). The groups also showed deficiencies in minerals such as copper, iron, magnesium, calcium, and zinc (Chan and Chan, 1994 ; Edem et al, 2015 ; Campos-Gongora et al, 2019 ). Another study estimated that the proportion of vitamin A deficiency in TB patients and controls was 56.4% and 39.0%, respectively, and all patients and 92.5% of controls were recognized with zinc deficiency (Ghulam et al, 2009 ; Keflie et al, 2018 ).…”

Vitamin D, Body Mass Index, and Total Lymphocyte Count in Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Banjarmasin

“…27 In anthropometric assessments using BMI based on a study by Gongora, et al (2019), most of the study population showed poor nutrition. 28 Only around 30% of TB patients and contacts showed normal BMI. 28 Kadri, et al (2022) in Padang showed that patients with DS and DR TB had malnutrition condition, whereas nutritional status had odds ratio (OR) of 10.92 as one of the risk factors for DR TB.…”

“…28 Only around 30% of TB patients and contacts showed normal BMI. 28 Kadri, et al (2022) in Padang showed that patients with DS and DR TB had malnutrition condition, whereas nutritional status had odds ratio (OR) of 10.92 as one of the risk factors for DR TB. 29 In addition, Soeroto, et al (2020) also found that patients with DR TB and normal BMI had 1.21 times higher chance of successful treatment compared to patients with underweight BMI.…”