Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

Rasmussen, Christopher

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-231-1_11

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…These results suggest equivalency of the microwave-accelerated protein hydrolysis to the reference method for protein hydrolysis, which has been used for decades in the analysis of amino acids including proteinogenic amino acids. The amino acid values for casein obtained using the microwave method compared fairly well with values reported in the literature [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants

Bhandari¹,

Gallegos-Peretz²,

Wheat

et al. 2022

Foods

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A collaborative study was undertaken in which five international laboratories participated to determine amino acid fingerprints in 39 authentic nonfat dry milk (NFDM)/skim milk powder (SMP) samples. A rapid method of amino acid analysis involving microwave-assisted hydrolysis followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV) was used for quantitation of amino acids and to calculate their distribution. The performance of this rapid method of analysis was evaluated and was used to determine the amino acid fingerprint of authentic milk powders. The distribution of different amino acids and their predictable upper and lower tolerance limits in authentic NFDM/SMP samples were established as a reference. Amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were compared with selected proteins and nitrogen rich compounds (proteins from pea, soy, rice, wheat, whey, and fish gelatin) which can be potential economically motivated adulterants (EMA). The amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were found to be affected by spiking with pea, soy, rice, whey, fish gelatin and arginine among the investigated adulterants but not by wheat protein and melamine. The study results establish an amino acid fingerprint of authentic NFDM/SMP and demonstrate the utility of this method as a tool in verifying the authenticity of milk powders and detecting their adulteration.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants

Bhandari¹,

Gallegos-Peretz²,

Wheat

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Creatine can also be sourced, however, in its natural form. Arguably more beneficial in its whole food form due to the additional nutritional value, creatine concentrations can range from 3–5 g/kg of raw meat [ 47 ]. Despite these natural sources of creatine, to successfully ingest the recommended “loading” dose of 20 g/day required to rapidly increase skeletal muscle stores [ 48 , 49 ], one would have to consume approximately 4 kg of meat per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creatine is known as an efficacious and widely popular ergogenic supplement, often taken to help enhance energy stores and the buffering capacity of skeletal muscle during high-intensity exercises. Although a popular supplement, creatine can be found naturally in meat and fish sources, with creatine content ranging between 3–5 g/kg of raw meat [ 47 ]. Despite being found naturally, to achieve the typical 20 g/day “loading” amount of creatine necessary to quickly increase skeletal muscle stores [ 48 , 49 ], one would have to consume approximately 4 kg of meat per day.…”

Section: Combatting the Development Of Vascular Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health

2021

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Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy provision and energy shuttling. In addition to the abundance of evidence supporting the ergogenic benefits of creatine supplementation, recent evidence suggests a far broader application for creatine within various myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases, and other pathologies. Furthermore, creatine has been found to exhibit non-energy related properties, contributing as a possible direct and in-direct antioxidant and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the new clinical success of supplemental creatine, there is little scientific insight into the potential effects of creatine on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality. Taking into consideration the non-energy related actions of creatine, highlighted in this review, it can be speculated that creatine supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy for the management of vascular health in at-risk populations. This review, therefore, not only aims to summarize the current literature surrounding creatine and vascular health, but to also shed light onto the potential mechanisms in which creatine may be able to serve as a beneficial supplement capable of imparting vascular-protective properties and promoting vascular health.

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“…In casein protein, positively charged side chains are arginine (209 μmol g À1 ), histidine (179 μmol g À1 ), and lysine (592 μmol g À1 ); negatively charged side chains are aspartic acid (606 μmol g À1 ) and glutamic acid (1651 μmol g À1 ). 25 By comparison, in virgin merino wool, positively charged side chains are arginine (600 μmol g À1 ), histidine (82 μmol g À1 ), and lysine (269 μmol g À1 ); negatively charged side chains are aspartic acid (560 μmol g À1 ) and glutamic acid (1049 μmol g À1 ). 26 As the isoelectric point of casein protein is pH 4.6, 27 this is very close to the Sumner model, so when dyeing at pH 4, where greatest anthocyanin sorption was observed, the casein fibre will have a slightly positive ζ-potential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this model, the net charge of the protein is +79 at pH 2, +22 at pH 4, and −18 at pH 6. In casein protein, positively charged side chains are arginine (209 μmol g −1 ), histidine (179 μmol g −1 ), and lysine (592 μmol g −1 ); negatively charged side chains are aspartic acid (606 μmol g −1 ) and glutamic acid (1651 μmol g −1 ) 25 . By comparison, in virgin merino wool, positively charged side chains are arginine (600 μmol g −1 ), histidine (82 μmol g −1 ), and lysine (269 μmol g −1 ); negatively charged side chains are aspartic acid (560 μmol g −1 ) and glutamic acid (1049 μmol g −1 ) 26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dye–fibre system from food waste: Dyeing casein fibres with anthocyanins

Blackburn,

Houghton,

Stenton

et al. 2023

Coloration Technology

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Regenerated protein fibres manufactured from food side‐streams offer significant potential as circular and sustainable fibres, but greater knowledge of their dyeing properties is required. In this research, coloration of casein fibres with dyes also extracted from blackcurrant skins left over from juice pressing is explored. Casein fibre was dyed with blackcurrant extract, rich in anthocyanins, from pH 2 to pH 6 and from 40 °C to 80 °C, with and without alum.Casein fibres could be dyed could be dyed with blackcurrant extract across all conditions tested, and under optimal conditions, dyeing is achieved with medium depths of colour with good wash fastness. Highest sorption of anthocyanins onto casein is observed at pH 4, where anthocyanins are a mixture of 60% neutral purple quinonoidal base form and 40% flavylium cation form; under these conditions dye‐fibre interaction is optimal. At pH 2, casein fibre has a highly positively charged surface and anthocyanin is in the flavylium cation form, leading to some dye‐fibre repulsion. At pH 6, the slightly negatively charged casein fibre demonstrates lower sorption of the mixture of 40% purple quinonoidal base form and 60% the anionic quinonoidal base form, again leading to some dye‐fibre repulsion. Presence of alum in the dyebath enhances sorption of anthocyanins onto fibre at pH 4 due to formation of Al‐anthocyanin complexes. Wash fastness of the dyeings is better as pH increases and as temperature increases.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Nutritional Supplements for Endurance Athletes

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants

Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants

The Potential Role of Creatine in Vascular Health

A dye–fibre system from food waste: Dyeing casein fibres with anthocyanins

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