Nutritional value and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in muscle tissues of five commercially important marine fish species from the Red Sea

Abstract

The study evaluated the nutritional quality and investigated the heavy metals concentration in muscle tissues of five commercially important marine fish species, including brownspotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma), squaretail coralgrouper (Plectropomus areolatus), black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), goldbanded jobfish (Pristipomoides multidens), and blueskin seabream (Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus) from the Red Sea, Jeddah Coast, Saudi Arabia. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the proximate chemical composition of fish muscles in these species. The highest protein content (17.66 ± 0.58%) was achieved in blueskin seabream while the lowest (15.28 ± 0.46%) was observed in brownspotted grouper. The highest lipid content (2.97 ± 0.45%) was recorded in squaretail coralgrouper while the lowest (1.52 ± 0.26%) was observed in blueskin seabream. Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly within and between fish species under study (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the concentration of heavy metals among fish species were recorded. Results revealed that the bioaccumulation of Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cd in muscles of fish species under study was higher than the standard concentration, but that of Mn, Cu, and Pb were less than the standard concentration recommended in the EU, FAO, and WHO guidelines. In conclusion, these fish species represent a high-quality food source but is unsafe due to the level of certain minerals in their tissues. Results also indicated that the Red Sea environment is contaminated with heavy metals, which was reflected in the tissues of fishes used in this study.

Copper and Zinc Levels in Commercial Marine Fish from Setiu, East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

“…Many studies have been conducted on the concentrations of PTMs in fish in many regions or countries, such as the Red Sea [19][20][21], India [22][23][24], Pakistan [14,[25][26][27][28], Indonesia [29,30], Persian Gulf or Iran [31][32][33][34][35], Bangladesh [36][37][38], Tanzania [39], Turkey [40], China [41][42][43], Mediterranean Sea [44,45], Aegean Seas of Turkey [46,47], Mexico [48], the Black Sea (Bulgaria), and the Ionian Sea (Italy) [49].…”

Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: A review

“…mesopotamicus × C. macropomum while as the highest value was significantly noted in P. brachypomus. Younis et al (2021) while studying the nutritional profile of five significant marine fish species from Red Sea recorded the maximum value 2.97% of fat content in Plectropomus areolatus and minimum value 1.52% in P. coeruleopunctatus was noted. The study also revealed that the average amount of fat values was also seen to be statistically significant among different fish species.…”

“…The results showed that P. brachypomus depicted the lowest ash content followed by C. macropomum while as the highest value was significantly noted in P. mesopotamicus . Younis et al (2021) while evaluating the nutritional profile of some commercially important marine fish species from Red Sea noted significantly highest value 6.72% of ash content in P. coeruleopunctatus and the lowest value 3.42% in case of P. niger .…”

“…The study revealed that the protein content of three catfish species varied from 14.49% to 18.14% and the mean values were noted to be statistically significant among all the three fish species with highest value recorded in case of H. fossilis and lowest value in M. vittatus . Younis et al (2021) performed a comprehensive study on the nutritional value in muscle tissues of some marine fishes from the Red Sea and observed significantly highest value 17.66% of protein content in case of Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus while as the lowest value 15.28% was seen in Epinephelus chlorostigma . The differences in the amount of protein content of various fish species might aid researchers and nutritionists to implement specific strategies by which the nutritional value, processing and marketing of such fish species could be enhanced properly.…”

“…A comparative study for analysing the occurrence of variation of moisture content in the muscles of three catfishes was carried out byBezbaruah and Deka (2021). The study revealed that the moisture content of three catfish species varied from 71.20% to 79.45% and the mean values were noted to be statistically significant among all the three fish species with the highest value recorded in case of M. vittatus and the least value in Heteropneustus fossilis Younis et al (2021). carried out a detailed study on the nutritional value in muscle tissues of some marine fishes from the Red Sea and affirmed that the highest value 80.65% of moisture content was observed in Parastromateus niger while as the lowest value 77.90% was seen in case of Pristipomoides multidens.…”