Nutritional value of hay from maize-crop stubble ammoniated with urea

Filho, Miguel Arcanjo Moreira; Alves, Arnaud Azevêdo; Vale, George Emanuel Silva do; Moreira, Antônia Leidiana; Rogério, Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/s1806-66902013000400028

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the past, many studies have been conducted globally on improving the feeding value of roughages (Wanapat et al, 2009;Shreck, 2013;Gemeda et al, 2014b). One such method involves treating feedstuff with aqueous ammonia or urea through the process of ammoniation (Mapato et al, 2010;Diaz et al, 2013;Moreira Filho et al, 2013). Urea has been used as a hydrolytic agent that helps to disrupt the cell wall structure, and break the ester bonds between lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, thus improving the digestibility of feedstuffs (Vadiveloo, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementing or treating Eragrostis curvula hay with urea or nitrate on its digestibility and in vitro fermentation

Adejoro

Hassen

2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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The potential of dietary nitrate to reduce enteric methane, apart from it being a source of rumendegradable nitrogen, has stimulated further research into its use. However, not much has been reported on its suitability in feed treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of urea or nitrate and two methods of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) application (anaerobic pre-treatment versus direct supplementation) to Eragrostis curvula hay, on its in vitro fermentation. An iso-nitrogenous level of NPN (7 g nitrogen/kg feed dry matter (DM)) from either urea or calcium nitrate was used to pre-treat hay by subjecting it to 30 days' anaerobic storage in airtight bottles, or by direct supplementation; each diet having three replicates. Hay samples were dried, milled, and evaluated for in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and in vitro gas and methane production, while rumen fluid was analysed for pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Compared with the untreated hay (control), under both methods of application NPN generally did not increase 48-hour gas production, but did increase the IVOMD of E. curvula hay. However, pre-treatment of E. curvula hay improved IVOMD more than supplementation. Urea inclusion enhanced digestibility more than nitrate, and the urea pre-treatment was more effective than supplementation. In contrast, nitrate inclusion significantly reduced methane production compared with urea and the control, and supplementation of nitrate was more effective in reducing methane than pre-treatment with nitrate. Pre-treatment with nitrate as supplementation increased digestibility and reduced enteric methane emission, indicating the potential of using nitrate as a hydrolytic agent in feed treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementing or treating Eragrostis curvula hay with urea or nitrate on its digestibility and in vitro fermentation

Adejoro

Hassen

2017

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…The reduction in the dry matter content of ammoniated corn straw with 3% of urea was observed by Moreira Filho et al (2013), and these authors attributed the reduction in DM content to the addition of water to the roughage during ammonization, which was necessary to reduce the dry matter content to 700 g.kg -1 . Ferreira and Zanine (2013) ammoniated Tanzania grass hay with 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% of urea based on DM, and no alteration in ether extract and ash content was observed in comparison to the control treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Nutritive value of elephant grass hay ammoniated by urea

Morais

Almeida²,

Nepomuceno³

et al. 2020

Biosci. J.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ammoniation by urea on the nutritional value of elephant grass hay harvested after flowering. A completely randomized design, in double factorial designs with an additional treatment: 4 urea doses (2, 4, 6 and 8%) x 2 treatment periods (30 and 45 days) + 1 (Control) with four replicates each, was employed. Dry matter, ash, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, neutral detergent fiber corrected for the ash and the protein, total nitrogen, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, in vitro gas production and carbohydrates fractionation were analyzed. The treatments influenced the contents of DM, EE, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, NDFap, fraction A + B1, fraction B2, fraction C, TN, NPN, ADIN, NDIN, L and Vf2. There was a positive linear effect of urea dose for NDF, ADIN, NDIN and L, positive linear effect on fraction A + B1, NT and NPN, and positive quadratic effect for Vf2, with absolute maximum point of 4.5%. Elephant grass hay harvested after flowering has its nutritional value improved, with a minimum dose of 4.5% urea on a dry matter basis.

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“…Upon ammoniation, urea was dissolved in approximately 890 mL water to raise the moisture content of hay to 30% (Moreira Filho et al 2013), and NaOH and Ca(OH) 2, were dissolved in 1.26 L of water, to raise the moisture to 70% (Ribeiro et al 2009), with uniform distribution with the aid of a watering can. The urea treated-material remained sealed for 35 days and subsequently aerated for 48 h to eliminate excess ammonia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the chemical treatments used, stand out the alkali treatments using urea, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), which act on the lignocellulosic bonds of the plant cell wall (Pires et al 2010) increasing the degradation of the NDF fraction, in addition to the increase in crude protein in the forage when treated with urea, meeting part of the nitrogen requirements of the animals (Moreira Filho et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and in situ degradability of sugarcane tip hay subjected to alkaline treatment

Franco

Garcez

Alves

et al. 2022

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of alkaline treatments with urea, NaOH and Ca(OH) 2 on chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradability of dry matter, crud protein and neutral detergent fi ber of sugarcane tip hay. Samples were incubated in the rumen of three cannulated cattle for up to 72 hours in a split plot randomized block design. Ammoniation with 6% urea increased (p<0.05) the crude protein content by 13% and reduced the neutral detergent fi ber and insoluble nitrogen content of the hay. When treated with the highest doses of the compounds, there was a high potential degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fi ber, and a shorter neutral detergent fi ber lag time. Ammoniation with urea promotes a reduction in the content of NDF, hemicellulose and insoluble nitrogen, with an increase in the content of CP in the hay, with emphasis for the level of 6% urea. The ruminal degradation of sugarcane tip hay increases with alkaline treatments using 6% urea or 3% NaOH, however, ammoniation with urea is indicated for the treatment of hay, as this is low cost and can be easily adopted by farmers in the semiarid region.

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Nutritional value of hay from maize-crop stubble ammoniated with urea

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of supplementing or treating <i>Eragrostis curvula</i> hay with urea or nitrate on its digestibility and <i>in vitro</i> fermentation

Effect of supplementing or treating <i>Eragrostis curvula</i> hay with urea or nitrate on its digestibility and <i>in vitro</i> fermentation

Nutritive value of elephant grass hay ammoniated by urea

Chemical composition and in situ degradability of sugarcane tip hay subjected to alkaline treatment

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