Nutritional Value of Locally Produced Foods and Potential for Developing Age-Appropriate Complementary Foods for Children under 2 Years of Age in Mali

Ayoya, Mohamed Ag; Kodio, J; Iknane, Akory Ag; Sodjinou, Roger

doi:10.1177/156482651003100302

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Considering that in Zambia, and across sub-Saharan Africa, milled groundnut powder is often blended with cereals for making porridge (Ag Ayoya et al 2010;Hayes et al 1994;Onofiok and Nnanyelugo 1998), or added to leafy green vegetable preparations-locally called 'nsinjiro' (Oniang'o et al 2003), or used as an ingredient for complementary food for AIDS patients (Allison and Wilson 2011), the incidence of aflatoxins in milled groundnut powder is of public health interest. Specifically, early exposure to aflatoxin could exacerbate the incidence of stunting among children, which is estimated to affect 48% of children in Zambia (Moss et al 2002) and to compromise the health of AIDS patients by further depressing immunity and negatively affecting nutritional status (Fink-Gremmels 2008; Gong et al 2008;Jiang et al 2008;Jolly et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia

Njoroge¹,

Matumba

Kanenga

et al. 2017

Mycotoxin Res

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In Zambia, groundnut products (milled groundnut powder, groundnut kernels) are mostly sold in under-regulated markets. Coupled with the lack of quality enforcement in such markets, consumers may be at risk to aflatoxin exposure. However, the level of aflatoxin contamination in these products is not known. Compared to groundnut kernels, milled groundnut powder obscures visual indicators of aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts such as moldiness, discoloration, insect damage or kernel damage. A survey was therefore conducted from 2012 to 2014, to estimate and compare aflatoxin levels in these products (n = 202), purchased from markets in important groundnut growing districts and in urban areas. Samples of whole groundnut kernels (n = 163) and milled groundnut powder (n = 39) were analysed for aflatoxin B (AFB) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results showed substantial AFB contamination levels in both types of groundnut products with maximum AFB levels of 11,100 μg/kg (groundnut kernels) and 3000 μg/kg (milled groundnut powder). However, paired t test analysis showed that AFB contamination levels in milled groundnut powder were not always significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those in groundnut kernels. Even for products from the same vendor, AFB levels were not consistently higher in milled groundnut powder than in whole groundnut kernels. This suggests that vendors do not systematically sort out whole groundnut kernels of visually poor quality for milling. However, the overall contamination levels of groundnut products with AFB were found to be alarmingly high in all years and locations. Therefore, solutions are needed to reduce aflatoxin levels in such under-regulated markets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia

Njoroge¹,

Matumba

Kanenga

et al. 2017

Mycotoxin Res

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“…However, detailed development of the recipes was not given. A study in Mali showed that using local foods was more likely to be acceptable, affordable, feasible, and sustainable, because these foods were culturally appropriate and consumed on a daily basis (37). Preparing the recommended recipes should require little time and be affordable, so that mothers are willing to use the recipes during and after the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the intake of nutritious food in children aged 6-23 months in Wuyi County, China – a multi-method approach

Velthoven

Chen

et al. 2013

Croat Med J

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AimTo develop affordable, appropriate, and nutritious recipes based on local food resources and dietary practices that have the potential to improve infant feeding practices.MethodsWe carried out a mixed methods study following the World Health Organization’s evaluation guidelines on the promotion of child feeding. We recruited caregivers with children aged 6-23 months in Wuyi County, Hebei Province, China. The study included a 24-hour dietary recall survey, local food market survey, and development of a key local food list, food combinations, and recipes. Mothers tested selected recipes at their homes for two weeks. We interviewed mothers to obtain their perceptions on the recipes.ResultsThe 24-hour dietary recall survey included 110 mothers. Dietary diversity was poor; approximately 10% of children consumed meat and only 2% consumed vitamin A-rich vegetables. The main reason for not giving meat was the mothers’ belief that their children could not chew and digest meat. With the help of mothers, we developed six improved nutritious recipes with locally available and affordable foods. Overall, mothers liked the recipes and were willing to continue using them.ConclusionsThis is the first study using a systematic evidence-based method to develop infant complementary recipes that can address complementary feeding problems in China. We developed recipes based on local foods and preparation practices and identified the barriers that mothers faced toward feeding their children with nutritious food. To improve nutrition practices, it is important to both give mothers correct feeding knowledge and assist them in cooking nutritious foods for their children based on locally available products. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects of those recipes on the nutritional status of children.

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“…Despite this, dried composite flours of cereals and legumes served as porridge to infants are currently promoted as complementary food in Sub‐Saharan Africa (Mensa‐Wilmot et al . 2001; Ayoya et al . 2010; Elemo et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings suggest appropriate serum retinol levels that would support the growth demands for vitamin A were not met by giving these improved foods unless fortified with vitamin and mineral premix. Despite this, dried composite flours of cereals and legumes served as porridge to infants are currently promoted as complementary food in Sub-Saharan Africa (Mensa-Wilmot et al 2001;Ayoya et al 2010;Elemo et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A household‐level sweet potato‐based infant food to complement vitamin A supplementation initiatives

Amagloh

Hardacre

Mutukumira

et al. 2011

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa is high in spite of vitamin A supplementation programmes among children in most countries. Plant-based complementary foods remain the key source of nutrients in addition to breast milk for infants in lower income countries. Cereal-legume blends are superior in protein and energy densities compared with maize, millet or sorghum-only porridge. However, unfortified cereal-legume and cereal-only porridges are low in vitamin A. A household-level sweet potato-based infant food, rich in vitamin A, has been developed to complement vitamin A supplementation initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa. A composite flour containing sweet potato, soybean, soybean oil and fishmeal was processed as complementary food by oven toasting (denoted oven-toasted ComFa). The oven-toasted ComFa and enriched Weanimix (processed from dehulled maize, dehulled soybean, groundnut and fishmeal) were assessed for suitability as complementary food based on the nutrient composition using specifications in the Codex Standard (CS) as a reference. The sweet potato-based formulation and enriched Weanimix met the energy, protein, fructose and fat specifications but barely met the amino acid score as indicated in the CS. However, only the oven-toasted ComFa met the calcium and almost half the vitamin A levels as specified in the CS. Oven-toasted ComFa was slightly lower in energy, protein and fat by a difference not greater than 4.0% but was higher by more than 100% in fructose and vitamin A levels. Therefore, the sweet potato-based complementary food is likely to support vitamin A supplementation initiatives in low-income countries better than the cereal-based formulation.

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Nutritional Value of Locally Produced Foods and Potential for Developing Age-Appropriate Complementary Foods for Children under 2 Years of Age in Mali

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia

Aflatoxin B1 levels in groundnut products from local markets in Zambia

Improving the intake of nutritious food in children aged 6-23 months in Wuyi County, China – a multi-method approach

A household‐level sweet potato‐based infant food to complement vitamin A supplementation initiatives

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