NW-SE Pliocene-Quaternary extension in the Apan-Acoculco region, eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

García-Palomo, Armando; Macías, José Luis; Jiménez, A.; Tolson, Gustavo; Mena, M.; Sánchez-Núñez, Juan Manuel; Arce, José Luis; Layer, Paul W.; Santoyo, Miguel A.; Lermo-Samaniego, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.11.005

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Here, magma and associated hydrothermal fluids might have migrated by exploiting secondary permeability associated with preexisting structures. Specifically, two trends of discontinuities striking on average N45° and N140° are observed at Acoculco and Los Humeros (Avellán et al, 2019; Campos‐Enriquez & Garduño‐Monroy, 1987; Carrasco‐Núñez et al, 2017; García‐Palomo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Interactions Between Rift Propagation and Inherited Crustal Fabrics Through Experimental Modeling

et al. 2020

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Continental rifting is a geodynamic process that involves the breakup of the crust and may eventually evolve to seafloor spreading. Although it is often assumed to be a product of orthogonal divergence, continental rifting may result from oblique extension, and in several cases, it is related to the rotation of plates or crustal blocks about a vertical axis. This implies the occurrence of rifts with straight but not parallel margins and rift axis-parallel gradients in extension velocity and amount of strain. The effects of rift propagation through the continental crust has only recently started to be addressed, and even less investigated is the interaction between rift propagation and inherited crustal fabrics. We have studied this issue by carrying out a series of analog laboratory experiments. Modeling results suggest that inherited linear discontinuities in the model brittle upper crust that are oriented above a threshold angle (≥45°) from the orthogonal to the rift axis have the ability to interact with rift-related structures. Depending on their orientation, such inherited discontinuities are reactivated as either transfer zones or rift-bounding faults. We compare our models with four natural prototypes in which rift propagation is likely to have occurred (the Trans Mexican Volcanic belt, the Gofa Province, the Gulf of Suez, and the Kenya Rift). For each case study, we show how the kinematics of propagating rifts is comparable to our model results, and we provide insights into how rift-related deformation may interact with inherited crustal fabrics. Plain Language Summary When the continental Earth's crust breaks due to tensional tectonic forces, deep depressions called continental rifts form. Over geological time, these features may ultimately evolve to oceans. This process is often assumed to occur symmetrically, but it has been shown that this is rarely the case. Indeed, continental rifting is often generated by the rotation of tectonic plates, which induces changes in the extension velocity along the length of the rift. In order to understand the evolution of many natural rifts, it is also important to determine how rifting interacts with existing discontinuities in the crust (e.g., faults). This issue has only been recently addressed by laboratory experimental models, in which natural processes are simulated at reduced time and length scales, using appropriate analog materials to replicate the physical properties of natural rocks. We have performed a series of experiments that test this interaction, discovering that preexisting faults can have a strong influence on the formation and evolution of continental rifts. To verify this correlation, we have compared our models with four (Mexico, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Kenya) natural cases, finding that older faults have often influenced the rifting process and the resulting structure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Interactions Between Rift Propagation and Inherited Crustal Fabrics Through Experimental Modeling

et al. 2020

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“…All rights reserved. Palomo et al, 2018;Liotta and WP4 Working Group, 2019). This hypothesis is further supported by the observation that rocks of pre-volcanic substratum are intruded by NE-SW and NW-SEtrending magmatic dikes (sites 9, 10, 15, 17; Figure 1b and Table 1).…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Intra‐Caldera Resurgence Settings: Laboratory Experiments With Application to the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex (Mexico)

et al. 2021

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• Scaled experimental models have explored the influence of different boundary conditions in controlling the style of caldera resurgence • Models investigated the role of intrusion depth, symmetry of collapse and the presence of existing faults on resurgence processes • Models simulate many characteristics of resurgent calderas, such as the sub-orthogonal fault pattern at the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex

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“…The volcanic complex started to develop during late Pliocene with formation of the 32 km-wide Tulancingo caldera structure (3.0-2.7 Ma), within which formed the 18 km-wide Acoculco caldera during Pleistocene (1.7-0.24 Ma) [50]. Volcanic activity persisted until 0.06 Ma, with several domes, cinder cones, fissure lava flows and two ignimbrite eruptions (1.2-0.65 Ma) [51].…”

Section: Tulancingo-acoculco Caldera Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-Area InSAR Survey of Surface Deformation in Urban Areas and Geothermal Fields in the Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico

et al. 2019

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This paper provides the first wide-area Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) survey of the whole eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (42,200 km2). The aims are to identify ground deformation hotspots within major urbanized areas and rural valleys, establish baselines in geothermal exploration sites, and analyze deformation at geothermal exploitation sites and its relationship with energy production. The whole 2003–2010 ENVISAT C-band SAR archive available over the region was processed with the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR method to retrieve over 840,000 coherent targets and estimate their ground displacement rates and time series. Land subsidence hotspots due to aquifer drawdown are found within the city of Puebla (up to −53 mm/year vertical rates, groundwater pumping for industrial use), Tlaxcala and Apizaco (−17 mm/year, industrial and public), the valley of Tecamachalco (−22 mm/year, agricultural), Tulancingo (−55 mm/year, public, industrial and agricultural), and in the eastern Mexico City metropolitan area (−44 mm/year, agricultural). The baseline for the Acoculco caldera complex shows widespread ground stability. Conversely, localized subsidence patterns of −5 to −10 mm/year exist around Las Derrumbadas and Cerro Pinto in the Serdán-Oriental basin, due to intense groundwater pumping for agriculture. A well-defined land subsidence area with −11 mm/year maximum rates is found at Los Humeros volcanic complex within Los Potreros collapse, correlating well with energy production infrastructure location and historical steam production rates. Field surveys carried out in Acoculco and Los Humeros in 2018 provide supporting evidence for the identification of hydrothermal manifestations, and understanding of the landscape and surface deformation patterns within the geothermal fields.

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NW-SE Pliocene-Quaternary extension in the Apan-Acoculco region, eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Exploring the Interactions Between Rift Propagation and Inherited Crustal Fabrics Through Experimental Modeling

Exploring the Interactions Between Rift Propagation and Inherited Crustal Fabrics Through Experimental Modeling

Modeling Intra‐Caldera Resurgence Settings: Laboratory Experiments With Application to the Los Humeros Volcanic Complex (Mexico)

Wide-Area InSAR Survey of Surface Deformation in Urban Areas and Geothermal Fields in the Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico

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