Nylon 11/silica nanocomposite coatings applied by the HVOF process. I. Microstructure and morphology

Petrovicova, E.; Knight, Richard; Schadler, Linda S.; Twardowski, T. E.

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000822)77:8<1684::aid-app5>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A Stellite Coatings' Jet Kote II® HVOF combustion spray gun with internal powder injection and a 0.076 m (3″) long and 0.008 m (5/16″) diameter nozzle, was used to spray the composite powders. Typical processing parameters, detailed in a previous publication,11 are listed in Table II.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processing, physical properties, and microstructures of thermally sprayed silica or carbon black/nylon11 nanocomposite coatings have already been evaluated as a function of processing conditions and discussed in a previous publication 11. It was demonstrated that combusting gas mixtures with a low hydrogen content were needed for optimal jet temperature, resulting in better particle flow and improved filler distribution in the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart

et al. 2000

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The combination of optical clarity and large scale of mutants makes the zebrafish vital for developmental biologists. However, there is no comprehensive reference of morphology and function for this animal. Since study of gene expression must be integrated with structure and function, we undertook a longitudinal study to define the cardiac morphology and physiology of the developing zebrafish. Our studies included 48-hr, 5-day, 2-week, 4-week, and 3-month post-fertilization zebrafish. We measured ventricular and body wet weights, and performed morphologic analysis on the heart with H&E and MF-20 antibody sections. Ventricular and dorsal aortic pressures were measured with a servonull system. Ventricular and body weight increased geometrically with development, but at different rates. Ventricle-to-body ratio decreased from 0.11 at 48-hr to 0.02 in adult. The heart is partitioned into sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus as identified by the constriction between the segments at 48-hr.Valves were formed at 5-day post-fertilization. Until maturity, the atrium showed extensive pectinate muscles, and the atrial wall increased to two to three cell layers. The ventricular wall and the compact layer increased to three to four cell layers, while the extent and complexity in trabeculation continued. Further thickening of the heart wall was mainly by increase in cell size. The bulbus arteriosus had similar characteristics to the myocardium in early stages, but lost the MF-20 positive staining, and transitioned to smooth muscle layer. All pressures increased geometrically with development, and were linearly related to stage-specific values for body weight (P Ͻ 0.05). These data define the parameters of normal cardiac morphology and ventricular function in the developing zebrafish. Anat Rec 260: 148 -157, 2000.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart

et al. 2000

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“…Schadler et al 3 and Petrovicova et al 26 have studied HVOF processes for the production of nylon and nylon-nanocomposite coatings. The JetKote HVOF system was selected to confer higher particle velocities than could be obtained through other combustion or plasma processes, thus minimizing the in-flight degradation that could arise from temperature gradients.…”

Section: Hvof Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite coatings can be formed by (1) injection of composite particles, 3,26,30 (2) injection of powder blends, 14,28 or (3) dual injection into the desired heat source. Composite coatings generally pro-vide increased wear resistance, hardness, strength, abrasion resistance, and thermal resistance, at the expense of reduced elongation properties.…”

Section: Case Study 5: Polymer Composite Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-Spraying of Polymers and Polymer Blends

Brogan¹

2000

MRS Bull.

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Thermal-spraying of polymers can be traced back to the 1940s, when polyethylene (PE) was first produced by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. Early work with flame-spraying guns was unsuccessful because the equipment, designed for spraying metals, produced a flame that was both too hot and too short to melt the PE without degradation. The technology has advanced considerably in the past 20 years. Flame-spray equipment and hardware accessories have been designed by numerous companies (PFS Thermoplastics, Alamo, Eutectic + Castolin, etc.) specifically for polymeric materials. The new equipment provides either a lower flame temperature or uses special cooling shrouds to cool the center of the flame, providing a longer residence time at a lower temperature. Many plastics can now be completely melted in-flight and allow heat-sensitive components to be coated with plastic.

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“…These materials are commonly referred to as polymer nanocomposites and exhibit enhanced mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties at lower loadings of particles than traditional polymer composites with micrometer particles. In semicrystalline polymer nanocomposites (SPNs), nanoparticles cause substantial changes in the electrical9–12 and mechanical13–20 properties by altering the crystalline structure of the polymer matrix. Thus, critical to controlling the properties of semicrystalline polymer nanocomposites is gaining an understanding of the role of nanoparticles in modifying the polymer crystalline structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nylon 11/silica nanocomposite coatings applied by the HVOF process. I. Microstructure and morphology

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

Structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart

Structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart

Thermal-Spraying of Polymers and Polymer Blends

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