O Debate Sobre a Reestruturação Produtiva No Brasil

Abstract

No Brasil, o processo de reestruturação produtiva vislumbra no final dos anos 1970, com a crise do modelo de desenvolvimento baseado na “substituição das importações” e se intensifica nos anos 1990, com a política neoliberal e a abertura econômica, acarretando transformações no processo produtivo, na gestão e organização do trabalho, bem como no espaço, produzindo “novosespaços industriais”.Neste texto, procuramos discutir a noção de reestruturação e fazer um panorama do debate da reestruturação produtiva no Brasil.

A criação das Zonas de Processamento de Exportações (ZPE) no Brasil e o papel das condições gerais de produção (CGP)

“…Atualmente, esses conjuntos de informações geográficas dos lugares e regiões sobre a disponibilidade de CGP constituem elementos significativos que são levados em conta na decisão das empresas quando escolhem os lugares para instalar suas unidades (Gomes, 2011).…”

Productive restructuring in the area of health and obstetric nursing

“…In the beginning of the 1970s, the process of transformation of capitalism led to a worldwide crisis characterized by the exhaustion of the Fordist model of production, which was expressed through the acceleration of rates of inflation, the reduction of productivity, the growth and rise of public debts, and an increase in unemployment. [1][2] Fordism, as well as being an expansionist mode of production, was a model of development adopted by the capitalist societies, which viabilized the social inclusion of a large proportion of workers, both in the viewpoint of consumption as a result of increases in salary, and in citizenship rights, through the creation of the welfare state, as a result of the demands of increasingly-organized workers. 1,3 From the point of view of the organization of the work processes, it was strongly supported by Frederick Taylor's so-called Theory of Scientific Management of Work, whose characteristics of segmentation of tasks, hierarchization of relationships, payments for productivity and division between the spheres of planning and undertaking of the task, among others, drove industrial production, as well as influencing the work in the services sector.…”

“…[6][7] The neoliberal advance and globalization benefited from productive restructuring, which is defined as a process which emphasizes the need for structural transformations in the ambit of production and of work, pointing to a new technological and organizational paradigm, with the adoption of new patterns of management and organization of the work. 2 Flexibility is the main characteristic of productive restructuring, and is present in various perspectives: in the freeing of the productive, commercial and financial processes from any rigidity of Fordism; in the flexible automation which allows changes in the productive process according to demand and the market; and the justin-time method of management, understood as the rationalization of the work process, through the economy of the elements of production, seeking efficiency and cost reductions. 1,4 Accompanying the conception of a flexible work process, the market is configured by free contracting and negotiating, with flexibilization of the working day, the pay and the social rights.…”

O agronegócio de carnes de aves e suínos e a especialização regional do Oeste Catarinense

“…Neste período ocorreu também uma repentina abertura comercial, que segundo Silva (1999) desencadeou sérios problemas para a agropecuária brasileira, que se via impossibilitada de competir com produtos internacionais fortemente subsidiados nos seus países de origem. Assim, a crise no mercado interno e a necessidade de um aumento no superávit na balança comercial acarretaram na pressão por exportações e, consequentemente, na adaptação das empresas aos novos padrões de qualidade, inovações tecnológicas e gestão de mão de obra (GOMES, 2011).…”