O Desenvolvimento Mediúnico na Umbanda: uma compreensão junguiana

Abstract

Realizamos uma pesquisa empírica para compreender as transformações subjetivas decorrentes do processo de desenvolvimento mediúnico na Umbanda. A coleta de dados ocorreu em quatro terreiros da cidade de Belo Horizonte através de vinte entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante de noventa rituais. Foram entrevistados doze médiuns desenvolventes e oito sacerdotes. Os resultados foram compreendidos através da teoria junguiana e da lógica interna oferecida pelos participantes. Encontramos majoritariamente coincidências entre as postulações de Jung e de nossos sujeitos de pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento da mediunidade. Encontramos também uma divergência, que nos levou a propor uma releitura de um aspecto da teoria do autor, embasada na compreensão umbandista do fenômeno.

Social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda: culture, religion and contributions of nursing theory

“…Spiritual surgery comes as an option to have this treatment, since, suddenly, material medicine has not been able to fully contemplate that disease, that illness or that problem that that person is going through at that moment. (Participant 07, female, x 2 : 369.71)…”

“…For spiritual surgery, you do have to have a physical problem, but much of what is there has something spiritual behind it, that’s why you need to treat the spirit so that the physical body is cured of that problem that is being worked on at the time of surgery. (Participant 27, male, x 2 : 217.67)…”

“…In our ritual, I’ve seen a lot of things happen, many people improve in terms of health, but I’m sure that those people who managed to reach their goal had faith, because, without faith, they wouldn’t have been able to reach their goal. (Participant 27, male, x 2 : 323.58)…”

“…People who left the temple during the collection period were excluded. Therefore, an Umbanda medium is understood to be one who works together with entities, in the context of Umbanda rituals, in a process known as incorporation, in which spiritual (non-living) entities work (magistic help) through mediums (alive) ( 2 ) .…”

“…Brazil is a country with a strong characteristic of cultural religiosity ( 1 ) , which includes Umbanda . It is an Afro-diasporic, syncretic, non-proselytizing, Christian, spiritualist, nature religion, practiced orally, made invisible by religious racism, whose foundation transits through mythical, historical and institutional accounts ( 2 ) . Umbanda also acts in situations of health and illness in different dimensions, being a reference for believers and consultants ( 3 - 4 ) .…”