O impacto das características individuais na permanência em programas de atividades físicas numa academia de ginástica

Abstract

ARTIGO ORIGINAL | ORIGINAL ARTICLE RESUMOO estudo verificou o impacto das características individuais (sexo, faixa etária, índice de massa corporal, percentual de gordura corporal) e frequência mensal de prática sobre a regularidade numa academia de ginástica. Os 1573 indivíduos de ambos os sexos (masculinos: n= 840) com idade de 32.5±8.9 anos tiveram suas características definidas na avaliação funcional ao ingressar na academia. A frequên-cia média mensal (FMM) foi calculada com base no controle de acesso, sendo computado apenas um acesso/dia. Definiu-se "regularidade" como a permanência na academia por seis meses (ou mais) consecutivos. O impacto das características sobre a regularidade foi determinado por um modelo múltiplo de regressão logística. Faixa etária e FMM se mostraram associadas a uma maior probabilidade de regularidade. Tomando por referência os indivíduos com até 25 anos, os com idade entre 26 e 45 apresentaram maior chance de regularidade (OR: 1.67; IC95%: 1.19−2.34; p= 0.003), assim como aqueles acima de 45 anos (OR: 3.28; IC95%: 1.99−5.42; p< 0.001). FMM igual ou superior a oito dias apresentou probabilidade superior a 50% de se tornar regular, independente da faixa etária. Conclui-se que as características individuais podem ser utilizadas na deteção de indivíduos mais propensos a abandonar a prática, de modo a orientar intervenções para evitar esse abandono. Palavras-chave: aderência, exercício físico, frequência ABSTRACTThe study examined the impact of individual characteristics (gender, age, BMI, body fat percentage) and monthly frequency of practice on regular access to the gym. Anthropometric measures of 1573 subjects of both sexes (male: n = 840; age 32.5 ± 8.9 years) were assessed at the beginning of the exercises program. The Average Monthly Frequency (AMF) was calculated based on access control, being computed only one access/day. We defined "regular" the individual staying in the gym for six months (or more) consecutive. The impact of the characteristics on regularity was determined by a multiple logistic regression model. Age and AMF were associated with high probability of regularity. Taking as reference individuals up to 25 years, within age between 26 and 45 showed higher chances to be regular (OR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.34, p= 0.003), as well as those above 45 years (OR: 3.28, 95% CI 1.99 to 5.42, p<0.001). AMF equal to or higher than eight days showed 50% of probability to be regular, regardless of age. It is concluded that individual characteristics can be selected for the detection of individuals that are more likely to abandon exercises programs and to prevent dropout.

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“…Overall, although data presented here were obtained from only one fitness center, similar results from a similar study (Garay et al 2014) conducted in a different fitness center in Brazil confirm findings. The results also align with general predictions found in the international literature reviewed above.…”

“…Other important limitations of the present study are that data on frequency of attendance were not recorded and that monthly payment of fitness center fees was used as the measure of adherence. In regards to the former, research has consistently shown a correlation between frequency of participation and adherence to PA practice (Clavel San Emeterio et al 2019, Garay et al 2014, Tsitskari et al 2014). However, a study conducted in a fitness center in Portugal found that weekly frequency of attendance did not predict retention (Gonçalves et al 2016), emphasizing the need for further work in this field.…”

“…Alternatively, some research has looked at these rates within HCFC settings but from a marketing perspective, establishing satisfaction levels and intention to repurchase as some of the main variables to understand PA adherence as consumer behavior (Cañamero et al 2019, Gonçalves et al 2016, Hurley 2004. While this body of work has provided invaluable insights into external and internal factors impacting on individual's initiation, adherence and long-term maintenance of PA practice, still very little is known about dropout, lapse and return patterns and its implications on adherence to exercise programs in the unsupervised setting of a HCFC (Clavel San Emeterio et al 2019, Costa et al 2009, Garay et al 2014.…”

Adherence to Physical Activity in an Unsupervised Setting: The Case of Lapse and Return to Practice in a Brazilian Fitness Center

“…Other important limitations of the present study are that data on frequency of attendance were not recorded and that monthly payment of fitness center fees was used as the measure of adherence. In regards to the former, research has consistently shown a correlation between frequency of participation and adherence to PA practice (Clavel San Emeterio et al 2019, Ferrand et al 2010, Garay et al 2014, Tsitskari et al 2014). However, a study conducted in a fitness center in Portugal found that weekly frequency of attendance did not predict retention (Gonçalves et al 2016), emphasizing the need for further work in this field.…”

“…Alternatively, some research has looked at these rates within HCFC settings but from a marketing perspective, establishing satisfaction levels and intention to repurchase as some of the main variables to understand PA adherence as consumer behavior (Cañamero et al 2019, Ferrand et al 2010, Gonçalves et al 2016, Hurley 2004. While this body of work has provided invaluable insights into external and internal factors impacting on individual's initiation, adherence and long-term maintenance of PA practice, still very little is known about dropout, lapse and return patterns and its implications on adherence to exercise programs in the unsupervised setting of a HCFC (Clavel San Emeterio et al 2019, Costa et al 2009, Garay et al 2014.…”